Functions of Management

Functions of Management and Management Process

1. Introduction to ManagemEnt in Nursing ( FUNCTIONS of Management/ Management Process ) Lecture 4 Prof Nagamani.T Dept.of Community Health Nursing

2. Introduction The process is defined as a series of actions or operations conducted to an end . Management can be defined as the organization and coordination of activities of a business to achieve set objectives. Management is incorporated as a factor of production together with materials, machines, and money. Management involves engaging and connecting functions of generating corporate policies, planning, organizing, directing and controlling the resources to achieve the objectives of that policy. Management as a process emphasize that all managers, regardless of their particulars aptitudes or skills, engage in certain interrelated activities in order to achieve their desired goals .

3. management process “ Management is a set of principles relating to the functions of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling, and the applications of these principles in harnessing physical, financial, human, and informational resources efficiently and effectively to achieve organizational goals”. Nursing Management Process: It is the process of working through Nursing Personnel to promote and maintain health, prevent illness and suffering. The role of Nurse Manager is to plan, organize, direct and control available resources in order to provide effective economic care to groups of clients efficiently. So management is a dynamic process which is universal and can be used in variety of settings and situations.

4. Henry Fayol Steps of Management process Henry Fayol first identified the functions of management as: Planning Organization Command Coordination Control

5. Luther gulick & lyndal urwick Steps of Management process Luther Gulick & Lyndall Urwick expanded the activities of management described by Henry Fayol by adding two more steps. These are described as POSDCORB P Planning O Organizing S Staffing D Directing CO Coordinating R Reporting B Budgeting

6. posdcorb POSDCORB is an acronym widely used in the field of management and public administration that reflects the classic view of organizational theory . It appeared most prominently in a 1937 paper by Luther Gulick (in a set edited by himself and Lyndall Urwick ). However , he first presented the concept in 1935. Initially, POSDCORB was envisioned in an effort to develop public service professionals. In Gulick's own words, the elements are as follows: Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Co- Ordinating , Reporting and Budgeting . This presentation on functions of management, discuss in detail various administrative and functional responsibilities of management that should be exhibited by the management for the smooth running of the organization.

7. 1. Planning : Planning is the hallmark of intelligent behavior . Planning means looking ahead and chalking out future courses of action to be followed. It is a preparatory step. It is a systematic activity which determines when, how and who is going to perform a specific job. Planning is a detailed programme regarding future courses of action . It is rightly said “ Well plan is half done ”. Therefore planning takes into consideration available & prospective human and physical resources of the organization so as to get effective co-ordination, contribution & perfect adjustment. It is the basic management function which includes formulation of one or more detailed plans to achieve optimum balance of needs or demands with the available resources .

8. Planning: According to Urwick , “Planning is a mental predisposition to do things in orderly way, to think before acting and to act in the light of facts rather than guesses”. Planning is deciding best alternative among others to perform different managerial functions in order to achieve predetermined goals. According to Koontz & O’Donell , “Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do and who is to do it. Planning bridges the gap between where we are to, where we want to go. It makes possible things to occur which would not otherwise occur”. In other words planning is a continuous, intellectual process of determining philosophy, objectives, policies, procedures, rules and standards, long term and shortterm projected outcomes, fiscal course of actions etc. “Planning is preparing blue print”.

9. organizing Here , the manager has been advised to arrange for all the necessary resources i.e. raw materials, monetary resources, human resources, and technology as well as the managerial expertise to help achieve the goals set under planning process . Organizing is the function of management which follows planning. It is a function in which the synchronization and combination of human, physical and financial resources takes place. All the three resources are important to get results. Therefore, organizational function helps in achievement of results which in fact is important for the functioning of a concern. According to Chester Barnard , “Organizing is a function by which the concern is able to define the role positions, the jobs related and the co-ordination between authority and responsibility. Hence, a manager always has to organize in order to get results.

10. staffing Staffing function is the most important mangerial act along with planning, organizing, directing and controlling. The operations of these four functions depend upon the manpower which is available through staffing function. Staffing involves manning the organization structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal and development of the personnels to fill the roles assigned to the employers/workforce. According to Theo Haimann , “Staffing pertains to recruitment, selection, development and compensation of subordinates .”

11. directing DIRECTING is said to be a process in which the managers instruct, guide and oversee the performance of the workers to achieve predetermined goals. Directing is said to be the heart of management process. Planning , organizing , staffing have got no importance if direction function does not take place . Directing is a continuous act of making decisions and embodying them in specific and general orders and instructions and serving as the leader of the enterprise. Directing is the function of guiding, inspiring, overseeing and instructing people towards accomplishment of organizational goals .

12. Controlling/ coordinating It is an ongoing process to ensure that the activities of an institution or organization adhere to the plan. Controlling consists of verifying whether everything occurs in confirmities with the plans adopted, instructions issued and principles established. Controlling ensures that there is effective and efficient utilization of organizational resources so as to achieve the planned goals. Co-ordination is the unification, integration, synchronization of the efforts of group members so as to provide unity of action in the pursuit of common goals. It is a hidden force which binds all the other functions of management.

13. reporting Reports are essential tools in every organization. They play a crucial role in the startup, ongoing, growth, expansion, and even survival stages of a company Reporting plays an important role in the organizational environment. It gives a clear picture to executive teams about  the financial health of an organization. Reports also help build an audit trail of the past . Reports are also helpful in decision making, whether making a substantial purchase, planning for expansion etc.

14. budgeting Budgeting is the process of creating a plan to spend the resources like money . Budgeting is the process of planning future business activities by establishing performance goals and putting them into a formal plan. Budgets are the financial roadmaps managers use to determine how much money they should spend to generate certain levels of sales and income. For the efficient management of an organization every manager should plan the budget smartly.