FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING INTRODUCTION

ROYALTY TELEVISION

1. FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING UNIT :1 THE NURSE IN THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM By JONES H.M-MBADMS 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 1

2. PRESENTED BY: MRS C. S. HAMWEETE. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 2

3. General Objectives Student should be able to demonstrate an understanding of the role of the nurse in the health care setting. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 3

4. Specific objectives: At the end of the lecture/discussion students should be able to; Define nurse, nursing, nursing practice and fundamentals of nursing. State the nursing philosophy. Describe the organization and functions of the hospital and community health services State the role of the nurse. Describe the multidisciplinary health care team in the hospital and the community settings. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 4

5. INTRODUCTION Nursing is an important part of the health care system. The core of nursing is those nurse-patient relationships that result in a therapeutic outcome. I t encompasses the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and care of the physically ill, mentally ill and disabled people of all ages in all health care and other community settings. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 5

6. DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS 1.Nursing “The act of assisting the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will and knowledge. And to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible “ (Henderson, 1966) 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 6

7. Nursing “is the protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of Human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities and populations (American Nurses Association, 2003) 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 7

8. 2.Nurse Is a “person educated and qualified in the profession of Nursing”( Anderson and Anderson, 1995) 3.Nursing Practice It is a set of functions which a Nurse carries out either independently or in collaboration with other members of the health care team . 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 8

9. Example of independent nursing function-Feeding a patient or bathing a patient Example of collaborative nursing function- is giving medication prescribed by the Doctor. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 9

10. 4. Fundamentals of Nursing Is a Course that aims at providing students with a foundation in Nursing knowledge and skills in order to provide comprehensive nursing care to meet the basic health needs of the individuals, families and the community. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 10

11. The Fundamentals of Nursing are applied at four levels i.e ; to Promote health to Prevent illness to Restore health to Rehabilitate. (The practice of nursing will be aimed at achieving one or more of the above) 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 11

12. Nursing philosophy A Philosophy is a view, direction, commitment, purpose which governs an individual or profession. Philosophy of nursing Leddy and Pepper (2003) define philosophy of nursing as the intellectual and affective outcomes of the professional nurses' efforts to understand the ultimate relationship among humans, environment, and health. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 12

13. The philosophy of nursing is based on the concept of the worth and dignity of the individual. In nursing the belief is that, man is the centre of all activities and each patient should be treated as an individual. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 13

14. Nursing believes in caring for, giving comfort and ease, helping persons with health problems to become healthy in body and mind or helping them to live with their disability or disease. Nursing believes that all persons have the capacity and potential to develop better physical health and improve psychosocial well being depending upon their desires, willingness to change and adaptability to prescribed therapies. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 14

15. THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM A role is a part one plays or functions one performs by virtue of their position, qualifications or status in the organization or community (David, 2006). The nurse assumes a number of roles in the care of patients/clients( in the health care system). Some Roles are basic and can be carried out by each and every nurse regardless of the level of training while other are best suited for nurses with advanced education/training. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 15

16. ROLES OF A NURSE 1.Care Giver This is the most basic role of the nurse which involves the provision of direct care and promotion of client/patient comfort. The nurturing actions of the nurse to the client/patient to enhance the healing process and assist the client to regain independence. The nurse shows concern for client welfare and acceptance of the client as a person 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 16

17. 2. Change agent The nurse initiates changes or assist clients to make modifications in themselves or in the system of care. Nurses should lead by example in the communities they live eg health promotion activities such as cervical cancer screening, access to family planning, going for VCT. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 17

18. 3. Client advocate The nurse protects the client’s human and legal rights and helping clients and families to interpret information from other health care providers. promotes what is best for the client, ensuring that the client’s needs are met and protecting the client’s right. provides explanation in clients language and support clients decisions. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 18

19. 4. Manager The nurse manager makes decisions, coordinates activities of others, allocate resources, evaluate care and personnel. She/He plans, gives direction, develop staff, monitors operations, gives the rewards fairly and represents both staff and administrations as needed . 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 19

20. 5. Educator provides information and helps the client to learn or acquire new knowledge and technical skills. encourages compliance with prescribed therapy. promotes healthy lifestyle interprets information to the client 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 20

21. 6. Counselor helps client to recognize and cope with stressful psychological or social problems; to develop an improve interpersonal relationships and to promote personal growth provides emotional, intellectual to and psychological support focuses on helping a client to develop new attitudes, feelings and behaviors rather than promoting intellectual growth. encourages the client to look at alternative behaviors recognize the choices and develop a sense of control. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 21

22. 7. Researcher participates in identifying significant researchable problems. participates in scientific investigation and must be a consumer of research findings. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 22

23. THE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTION OF THE HOSPITAL AND COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICE 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 23

24. THE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTION OF THE HOSPITAL AND COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES Organization is the structure or arrangement of related or connected items. The structure of the hospital and community health services can be said to be at 3 levels. NATIONAL LEVEL-Ministry of Health Provincial level- General hospitals District level- District hospitals, health centers, health posts. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 24

25. FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS LEVELS OF HOSPITALS First Level Hospital or District Hospital Found in all the “72” districts Intended to cover a catchment population of 80,000 to 200,000. Provide technical back-up services to health centers. Offer medical, surgical, obstetrics and diagnostic services. Have Doctors, Clinical officers, Registered Nurses/Midwives and Enrolled Nurses and Midwives Provide technical back-up services to health centers. Receive referrals from HC. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 25

26. Second Level referral Hospital/General Hospital Found at provincial Level Serves catchment population of 200, 000 to 800,000. Provide services such as; internal medicine, ICU, Paediatrics , Obstetrics, Gynaecology They are referral Hospitals for level 1 Staffed by disease specialists Medical doctors, Nurses , physiotherapists, Dentists etc 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 26

27. 3. Level 3 or Central Hospital Have catchment population of 800,000 and above Have Specialties in medicine, surgery, psychiatric, ICU Provides training and research services eg UTH, Kitwe and Ndola central hospital. Provide referral services to second level hospital. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 27

28. Organization of health services at Community level The health services at community level Consists of: Health Centers Health posts The general community. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 28

29. The Health Centre (H/C) Two types; urban and rural Urban serves catchment population of 30,000 to 50,000 Rural serves catchment population of 10, 000 Should have a radius of 29km Both should operate 24hours Should have bed capacity of 30. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 29

30. H/C provides Primary Health Care PHC services of diagnosis band treatment of minor illness, maternal and Child Health service (MCH), Outreach, school health services, preventive services e.g. promoting ITN usage H/C formulates their own action plans in conjunction with the community They work in partnership with TBAs, CHWs NHCs. H/C are accountable to the District Management Team. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 30

31. The Health Post (HP) The most basic unit in the provision of health services in the community Intended to cater for a population of 500 household, with estimate 3,500 people in the rural area . In urban areas HP should cater for 1000 households with estimated 1000 people. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 31

32. HP should be with 5Km radius A multi-skilled health worker (integrated competent trained health worker ICT) should run a HP At HP the ICT offers diagnostic curative services 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 32

33. General community The community are supported by voluntary “health care workers” such as; Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs), Community Health Workers (CHWs), Community Based Distributors (CBDs). 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 33

34. Community Health Workers (CHWs) , Someone Trained in basics of health. They provide home based care, case identification, simple case-management, making referrals and collection of data on referrals and give Information, Education and Communication on disease prevention. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 34

35. Community Based Distributors (CBDs) These are people Responsible for distributing health care products such as condoms, family planning pills and Chlorine. They are supported by The Health Centre or health partners for supplies. and Community based Agencies or organizations. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 35

36. Neighborhood Health Committee (NHCs) This is a committee made up of community members identified by the community to work for the community in health related issues. They are a link between the community and the health center. Select community Volunteers for training in health promotion, disease prevention and case detection and management. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 36

37. Help in mobilizing the community in implementation of community health related projects Submit statistics to the H/C on regular basis e.g on ITNs distribution 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 37

38. THE NURSE AND HEALTH CARE TEAM IN THE HOSPITAL & COMMUNITY SETTINGS. A health care team is a group of people with expert knowledge and skill who help a client in the health care delivery. It is composed of people/experts from various disciplines who work in collaboration for the good of the patient/client. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 38

39. The nurse assumes the various roles as she/he works in collaboration with the health care team for the common good of the patient’s welfare. MULTIDISCIPLINARY HEALTH CARE TEAM Patient Nurse 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 39

40. Doctor Clinical officers Pharmacist Physiotherapist Radiologist Nutritionist Environmental health technicians Laboratory technician Chaplain Social worker Auxiliary worker e.g cleaners, porters, drivers etc Support staff eg Clerks, cashiers, accountants etc. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 40

41. The nurse % health care team in the community setting Individual, Family and community Nurse/Community health nurse Environmental health technician Neighborhood health committee Community based agents( community health workers, Traditional birth attendants, community based distributors, peer educators, malaria agents etc). Faith based organizations Nongovernmental organizations. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 41

42. THE END THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION AND PARTICIPATION. 1/25/2021 JONES H.M- MBA/DMS 42