Fungal diseases of Wheat disease

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1. Lok xr e~ Welcome…

2. UNIVERSITY OF ALLAHABAD 2019-20 ASSIGNMENT ON DETAILED STUDY OF FUNGAL DISEASES OF WHEAT SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY PROF. H.K.KHERI PREM PRAKASH (PROFESSOR) M.Sc. (Ag.) Botany 1 st Sem. Department of Botany Enroll No.- MS20/4012

3. FUNGAL DISEASES OF WHEAT

4. FUNGAL DISEASES OF WHEAT Major Fungal disease in wheat………. RUSTS Stem rust Leaf rust Stripe rust LOOSE SMUT KARNAL BUNT POWDERY MILDEW FOOT ROT LEAF BLIGHT

5. RU S TS – Three forms rusts can affect wheat (all fungal forms)

6. RU S TS – Three forms rusts can affect wheat (all fungal forms) Stem rust (Black rust ) Leaf rust (brown rust) Stripe rust (yellow rust)

7. BLACK OR STEM RUST Pathogen :- Puccinia graminis tritici Uredospores are brown and oval Each cell of teleutospore has one pore Size is about 25-30x15- 20µm

8. SYMPTOMS : - Reddish brown pustules The large number of uredosori burst, release their spores Infected parts bursting to expose a mass of brown uredospores Brownish appearance even from a distance

9. SYMPTOMS : - Reddish brown pustules The large number of uredosori burst, release their spores Infected parts bursting to expose a mass of brown uredospores Brownish appearance even from a distance

10. Favorable conditions Temperature: Between 23-25° C In this condition large number of teliospores are produced. Alternate hosts Berberis, Mahonia and Mahoberberi s

11. LEAF RUST (BROWN RUS T ) Pathogen : Puccinia recondita The pathogen is macrocyclic rust . Uredospores are brown and spherical 16-28um in diameter

12. SYMPTOMS : - The black telial pustules are usually formed on the dorsal side of leaves The pustules burst early with mild displacement of the host epidermis And deeply embedded into the host.

13. SYMPTOMS : - The black telial pustules are usually formed on the dorsal side of leaves The pustules burst early with mild displacement of the host epidermis And deeply embedded into the host.

14. Stripe Rust(yellow rust) Caused by : Puccinia striiformis Uredospores are spherical to ovate in shape Uredospores are orange colored. Size measuring from 23-35x20- 35µm Teleutospores are dark brown and flattened at the top when in contact with the epidermis

15. SYMPTOMS :- appear early in the spring. Rust pustules are yellow. Spores are blown in from warmer areas. Disease development is most rapid under cool, wet weather.

16. SYMPTOMS :- appear early in the spring. Rust pustules are yellow. Spores are blown in from warmer areas. Disease development is most rapid under cool, wet weather.

17. ALTERNATE HOSTS Agropyron, Bromus e t c.

18. ALTERNATE HOSTS Agropyron, Bromus e t c. Favorable conditions Temperature: 10-15 °C

19. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ( STRIPE RUST AND LEAF RUST )

20. Loose smut of Wheat Pathogen : Ustilago segetu var. tritici The teliospores are single celled and formed irregularly from fertile hyphae. Teliospores are olivaceous brown, spherical to oval Measures 5-9µm in diameter

21. SYMPTOMS : Can only be seen at the time of flowering though the plants are infected right after seed germination. Ears of infected one emerge early than healthy one. and transformed into black powdery mass Whole ear is covered by delicate silvery membrane. Resulting in formation of very dark olive brown powdery mass

22. Kernel bunt Pathogen : Neovassia indica Spores are smooth walled Measuring 22-49µm in diameter Requires long rusting period The primary sporadia are needle shaped and flexible The secondary sporadia are sickle shaped

23. SYMPTOMS: Plants ripen early than the healthy one Ears are dark green The glues are pushed apart by the spore balls which are formed instead of kernels

24. POWDERY MILDEW Pathogen : Erysiphe graminis var. tritici The conidia are elliptical, hyaline, single celled, thin walled and produced in chains Fungus produce septate, superficial, hyaline mycelium on leaf surface with short conidiophores

25. SYMPTOMS: Greyish white powdery growth appears on leaf, sheath, stem and floral parts Powdery growth later become black lesion and Drying of leaves and Other parts

26. Fungus remains infected in plant debris as dormant mycelium Favorable temperature is 20-21°C and High RH

27. FOOT ROT Pathogen: Pythium graminicolum and P. arrhenomanes This fungus produces sporangia, zoospores and oospores.

28. SYMPTOMS: The disease mainly occurs in seedlings Roots and rootlets become brown in color Seedlings becomes pale green and have stunted growth Wet weather and high rainfall is favorable

29. /k U; ok n