Fungi Pharmaceutical Microbiology unit 3

Simply explain about fungi Unit 3 of B. Pharm 3rd sem 2nd year for students

1. Unit 3
Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Presented by Asst. Prof. Priya Talekar
Samarth College of Pharmacy

2. Table of contents
Morphology,cultivation
classification,replication
MOA, Factor affecting,
Evaluation
Evaluation As per IP, BP & USP
01
03
02
04
Study of Fungi
& Viruses
Bacteriostatic,
Bactericidal
Disinfectant &
Antiseptic
Sterility Test

3. Introduction
•Fungusisamemberofalargegroupofnon-motile,
eukaryoticorganismswhichisseparatefromplants,
animals,protozoaandbacteria
•Non-photosynthetic,theyareChemohetrotrophs,
requiresorganiccompoundsforenergyandcarbon
•ThestudyoffungiisknownasMYCOLOGY
•Diseasecausedbyafungalinfectionknownas
MYCOSIS

5. •ThebodyoffunguscalledasThalluswhich
Possesdifferentiatednucleiwithanuclear
membrane
•Morphologicallymaybeeithersimpleovalcells
orlongtubularwithbranching
•FungalcellwallscontainChitinie.Aminosugars
•Theymaybemicroscopicunicellular(Yeast)or
multicellular(Mold)
Morphology

7. Morphology of yeast

8. •Thallus:Bodyoffungi
•Hyphae:Thallusconsistof
thread-like filament
structure(2-10µm upto
severalcminlength)
•Septae:Hyphalcellsare
separatedbySeptum,each
compartmentcontainingone
ormorenuclei
•Mycelium:Amassofhyphae
makeupthebody
Morphology of Mold

9. •Mycelium:Amassofhyphaemakeupthebody
1.Aseptatemycelium/coenocytic:absenceofseptum
2.Septatedmycelium:haveseptaewithoneormore
nucleus

10. •Saprophyticfungiarelivingondeadorganic
substanceslikePenicillium,Molds,mushrooms,
yeast,Mucor
•Parasiticfungifeedonlivingorganismsie.
Taphrina
•Symbioticfungiareinterdependentrelationship
associatewithotherspeciesinwhichbothare
mutuallybenefitedlikeLichens
Based on mode of nutrition

11. Classification of fungi
I. Yeasts
II. Yeast like fungi
III. Moulds
IV. Dimorphic fungi
I. Zygomycetes/ Phycomycetes
II. Ascomycetes
III. Basidiomycetes
IV. Dueteromycetes/ Hyphomycetes/ Fungi imperfecti
Depending on cell morphology
Depending on their spores formation

12. ●Yeastisaroundorovalunicellularbodieswhichhavesingle
nucleusandreproduceseitherbybuddingorbytruespore
formation
●TheyareaerobicorfacultativeAnaerobic
●YeastscoloniesappearsascreamyonCulturemedia
●ExampleCryptococcusneoformans
Yeasts

13. ●Yeastlikefungigrowpartlyasyeastandpartlyas
elongatedcells
●Thebudremainattachedtothemothercellandelongated,
followedbyrepeatedbudding,formingchainsof
elongatedcellknownaspseudohyphae
●Example:Candida
Yeast-Like Fungi

14. •FungiwhichformsmyceliaarecalledMold
•Multicellularorganism(2to10µmindiameter)
•Itformsfuzzyappearanceofblack,green,brown,
orange,pinkcoluresonsurfaceofmedia
•Examples:Dermatophytes,Penicilliumnotatum
Mold

15. ●Somefungi,mainlypathogenicspeciesexhibit
dimorphismi.e.twoformsofgrowth.Itcanbe
groweitherasamoldorasayeast
●TemperatureandCO2dependent,At37°C,grow
likeyeast&at25°Citgrowlikemold
●Examples:Penicilliummarneffei
Dimorphic Fungi

16. ●Theyareformedbyfusionof2differentcells.Fungihave
hyphaewithoutsepta(lowerfungi)
●ProduceAsexualspores:Sporangiospore
●Sexualspores:oosporesandzygospores
●Examples:Rhizopus,Mucor
Zygomycetes
Ascomycetes
●Alsoknownassac(Ascus)fungi.Canbedecomposers
●Sexualspores:Ascospores
●Asexualspores:Conidiospores
●Example:Histoplasma,Candida

17. ●AlsoknownasMushroomsliveasparasites
●Sexualspores:Basidiospores
●Asexualspores:buddingorfragmentation
●Examples:Cryptococcusneoformans
Basidiomycetes
Deuteromycetes
●Consistsofgroupoffungiwhosesexualphasesarenot
beenidentifiedandtheyformseptatehyphaeandasexual
conidia
●ExampleTrichophyton

18. Reproduction of Fungi

19. 1.Fragmentation:Thehyphaebreakintosmallfragments.Each
pieceupongettingsuitableconditions,germinatestoformanew
mycelium
2.Fission:Thismethodinvolvesthesplittingofcellsintotwo
daughtercells
3.Budding:Asmallbudformedfromtheparentcellwhichgradually
receivenucleusandseparateout
4.Sclerotia:Acompactmassesforminthehyphaeundersuitable
conditionsgerminatetoformnewindividuals
5.Rhizomorphs:Root-likeelongatedmycelialstrand,theyremain
dormantunderunfavourableconditionsandunderfavourable
conditionsdevelopintoanewmycelium
Vegetative reproduction

21. Produced externally onbranched or
unbranched hyphal tips, formed
single or in chainsalso may
uninucleate or multinucleate
Nonmotile, spores may be
uninucleate or multinucleate and
possess two layered cell wall

22. Zoospores: Motile,
(Zygomycetes),They
don’thavecellwall,
germinatebygerm
tubeintoathallus

23. 1.Plasmogamy(protoplasmicfusion)
2.Karyogamy(fusionofnuclei)
3.Meiosis(reductiondivisionofzygote)
Typesofsporeinvolveinthisreproduction
1.Ascospores:producedinasactypicallycontain8inasac
2.Basidiospores:typically4sporedeveloponabasidium
3.Zygospores:formedbyfusionofsimilargametes,thick
walled
4.Oospores:fertilizationof2unlikegametesie.Oogonium&
antheridium
Sexual reproduction

27. •Naturalandsynthetictypeoffungalculturemediaareused
forgrowthandcultivationoffungi
•Thestdtemp.forincubationoffungiis30°Candincubated
inhumidifiedenvironmentfor21days
•Sabourauddextroseagarmediaculture
CULTIVATION OF FUNGI
Ingredients Quantity Characteristics
Peptone 1 gm
Source of amino
grp
Dextrose 4 gm
Carbohydrate
source
Agar 2 gm Solidified agent
Distilled water 100 ml Vehicle

28. 1.Sabourauddextroseagarwithantibiotics
2.Potatodextrose-yeastextractagar(PDYA):mediais
goodgrowingculturederivedfrommushroom
3.Cornmealagar:usedforgrowingawiderangeoffungi,
particularlyfungiimperfecti,providesagoodbalanceof
mycelialgrowthandsporulation
4.Maltextractagar(MEA):goodgrowthmediumforsoilfungi,
isolatedfromwood,basidiomycetes
5.Potatodextroseagar

30. End