Fungicide groups , modes of action and effective pathogen control.ppt

Fungicides acts in different modes that is inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis , inhibition of respiration , inhibition of cell division , inhibition of cell wall synthesis , inhibition of cell membrane synthesis , multisite action fungicides. It has different target sites for example RNA polymerase , Succinate dehydrogenase , ergosterol biosynthesis , chitin biosynthesis , cytochrome bc1 , NADH dehydrogenase , cytochrome oxidase. (Russell, P.E., 2009. Fungicide resistance action committee)

1. Groups,modes of action and effective
pathogen control
MASTER SEMINAR ON
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE(IGKV)RAIPUR
Course Title-Master
Seminar
Course No.-PLPATH
591
Credit Hours-1(0+1)
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2. Introduction
Definition
What is mode of action
Different modes of action
Mode of action groups
Effective pathogen control
Conclusion
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3. fungicide, also called antimycotic,any toxic
substance used to kill or inhibit the growth
of fungi. Fungicides are generally used to
control parasitic fungi that either cause
economic damage to crop or ornamental
plants or endanger the health of domestic
animals or humans.
3

4. Fungicides are the chemicals that kill
fungi,the causal organisms of the majority of
plant diseases, and are the most frequently
used to control plant diseases.
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5. The Mode of Actiondescribes what process is
impacted in the fungi. The Group describes
the target site, the specific site of activity of
the fungicide. Fungicides can have the same
mode of action but different target sites.
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6. Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor
Chemical GroupChemical Target Pathogen
Acyalanine/
Phenylamide
Metalaxyl,
Benalaxyl
RNA Synthesis Mastigomycotina
Pyrimidines Ethirimol,
Dimethrimol
Inhibit purine
synthesis
Powderymildews
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7. Respiration Inhibitors
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8. Chemical GroupChemical Target Pathogen
Strobilurin Kresoximmethyl,
Azoxytrobin
Cytochromebc1
Complex
Rust,Powdery
mildews
Oxathiin Carboxin,
Oxycarboxin
Succinate
dehydogenase
enzyme
Rust,Smut
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9. Cell Division Inhibitor
ChemicalGroupChemical Target Pathogen
BenzimidazoleCarbendazim,
Thiophanate
Inhibit βTubulin
Assembly
Most
(Erysiphe,Fusari
um)
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10. Cell Wall And Cell Membrane Synthesis Inhibitor
ChemicalGroupChemical Target Pathogen
OrganophosphateEdiphenphos Chitin/Cellwall
synthesis
Higher Fungus
Morpholines Tridemorph,
Dodemorph
SBI(Sterol
Biosynthesis
Inhibitor Class-II)
Ascomycotina
Trizoles Propiconazole,
Hexaconazole,
Tricyclazole
SBI(Sterol
Biosynthesis
Inhibitor Class-I)
Rust
(Basidiomycetes)
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11. Multisite Action
Chemical GroupChemical Target Pathogen
Copper
Fungicides
Bordeux
mixture,
Burgundy
mixture
Cause
denaturationof
protein and
enzyme
Most
Heterocyclic
Nitrogenous
Compound
Captan,FolpetInhibit –SH and –
NH2 group of
enzyme
Higher Fungus
MercurialGroupEthyl mercuric
chloride
Inhibit various
enzyme and
protein
Banned
Sulphur
Fungicides
Thiram,Ziram,
SulfaDust
Affect
respirationand
enzymes
Higher Fungus
Quinones Chloranil,DiclorDisruptETC and
phosphorylation
and enzyme
Higher Fungus
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12. MOA TARGETSITE GROUPNAME CHEMICAL OR
BIOLOGICALGROUP
COMMONNAME
A:
nucleic
acids
metabolism
RNApolymeraseI
PA –fungicides
(PhenylAmides)
acylalanines
benalaxylbenalaxyl-M
(=kiralaxyl)furalaxyl
metalaxyl
metalaxyl-M(=mefenoxam)
oxazolidinones oxadixyl
butyrolactones ofurace
adenosin-
deaminase
hydroxy-(2-amino-
)pyrimidines
hydroxy-
(2-amino-)pyrimidines
bupirimatedimethirimol
ethirimol
DNA/RNA synthesisheteroaromatics
isoxazoles hymexazole
isothiazolones octhilinone
DNA topoisomerase
typeII(gyrase)
carboxylicacids carboxylicacids oxolinicacid
inhibition of
dihydroorotate
dehydrogenase
within de novo
pyrimidine
biosynthesis
DHODHI-
fungicides
phenyl-propanol ipflufenoquin
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13. MOA TARGETSITE GROUPNAME CHEMICAL OR
BIOLOGICAL
GROUP
COMMONNAME
B:
Cytoskel eton
and
motor
protein
tubulin
polymerization
MBC-
fungicides(Methyl
Benzimidazole
Carbamates)
benzimidazoles
benomylcarbendazim
fuberidazolethiabendazole
thiophanates
thiophanatethiophanate-
methy
tubulin
polymerization
N-phenyl
carbamates
N-phenyl
carbamates
diethofencarb
tubulin
polymerization
benzamides toluamides zoxamide
thiazole
carboxamide
ethylamino-thiazole-
carboxamide ethaboxam
cell division
(unknownsite)
phenylureas phenylureas pencycuron
delocalisationof
spectrin-like
proteins
benzamides
pyridinylmethyl-
benzamides
fluopicolidefluopimomide
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14. actin/myosin/fimbrin
function
cyanoacrylatesaminocyanoacrylates phenamacril
aryl-phenyl-ketones benzophenone metrafenone
benzoylpyridine pyriofenone
tubulindynamics
modulator
pyridazine pyridazine pyridachlometyl
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15. MOA TARGETSITE GROUPNAME CHEMICAL OR
BIOLOGICAL
GROUP
COMMONNAME
C.
respiration
complex I NADH
oxido-reductase
pyrimidinamines pyrimidinamines diflumetorim
pyrazole-MET1
pyrazole-5-
carboxamides
tolfenpyrad
Quinazoline quinazoline fenazaquin
complex II:
succinate-
dehydro-genase
SDHI
(Succinate-
dehydrogenase
inhibitors)
phenyl-benzamides
benodanil
flutolanilmepronil
phenyl-oxo-ethyl
thiopheneamide
isofetamid
pyridinyl-ethyl-
benzamides
fluopyram
phenyl-cyclobutyl-
pyridineamide
cyclobutrifluram
furan-carboxamides fenfuram
oxathiin-
carboxamides
carboxinoxycarboxin
thiazole-
carboxamides
thifluzamide
pyrazole-4-
carboxamides
benzovindiflupyrbixafen
fluindapyrfluxapyroxad
furametpyrinpyrfluxam
isopyrazampenflufen
penthiopyrad
sedaxane
N-cyclopropyl-N-
benzyl-pyrazole-
carboxamides
isoflucypram
N-methoxy-(phenyl-
ethyl)-pyrazole-
carboxamides
pydiflumetofen
pyridine-
carboxamides
boscalid
pyrazine-
carboxamides
pyraziflumid
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16. MOA TARGETSITEGROUPNAME CHEMICAL OR
BIOLOGICAL
GROUP
COMMONNAME
C.
respiration
complex III:
cytochromebc1
(ubiquinol
oxidase)at Qosite
(cytbgene)
QoI-fungicides
(Quinoneoutside
Inhibitors)
methoxy-acrylates
azoxystrobin
coumoxystrobin
enoxastrobin
flufenoxystrobin
picoxystrobin
pyraoxystrobin
methoxy-acetamide mandestrobin
methoxy-carbamates
pyraclostrobin
pyrametostrobin
triclopyricarb
oximino-acetates
kresoxim-methyl
trifloxystrobin
oximino-acetamides
dimoxystrobinfenaminstrobin
metominostrobinorysastrobin
oxazolidine-diones famoxadone
dihydro-dioxazines fluoxastrobin
imidazolinones fenamidone
benzyl-carbamates pyribencarb
QoI-fungicides
(Quinone outside
Inhibitors;Subgroup
A)
tetrazolinones metyltetraprole
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17. Fungicide Group Member(Trade name) Target Pathogen
Oxathiin-CarboxamidesOxycarboxin(Plantvax)
Carboxin(Vitavax)
Puccinia,Ustilago,Tillet
ia,Rhizoctonia,Pyricula
ria
Dinitrophenols Dinocap(Karathane) Powdery mildews
Strobulurins Azoxystrobin,Picoxystro
bin,kresoxim-methyl
All pathogen grroups
Phenylamides Metalaxyl(Ridomil),
Furaxyl,Benalaxyl
Phytophthora
Benzimidazoles Benomyl(Benlate),Thia
bendazole,Carbendazi
m(Bavistin)
Thiophanate(TopsinM)
All pathogen groups
except oomycetes
Systemic Fungicides
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18. Fungicide Group Member(Trade name) Target Pathogen
Organophosphates Edifenphos(Hinosan),
Iprobenfos(Kitazin)
Pyricularia,Rhizoctonia
Trizoles Propeconazole(Tilt),
Tricyclazole(Beam)
Allpathogen group
except oomycetes
Amines(Morpholines)Tridemorph(Calixin)
Piperidines
Erysiphe,Septoria,Colle
totrichum,Puccinia,
Rhyncosporium
Antibiotics Streptomycin Xanthomonas,Erwinia
Blasticidin-S and
Kasugamycin
Pyricularia,Cercospora
Validamycin Pyricularia,
Rhizoctoniasolani,
Botrytis
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19. Fungicide Group Member Target Pathogen
Copper Fungicide Bordeux
mixture,Burgungy
mixture
Oomycetes,Alternaria,
Fusarium,Septoria
Sulphur Fungicide Inorganicsulphur Powdery Mildews
Dithiocarbamate Mancozeb(DithaneM-
45),Maneb
All pathogen group
Dimethyl
dithiocarbamate(Thira
m)
Botrytis,Rust,Scab
Heterocyclic Nitogen
Compound
Captan Oomycetes,Aternaria,
Cercospora,Rhizoctoni
a,Fusarium
Non Systemic(Contact) Fungicide
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20. Fungicides works in many ways it depends on
chemical composition of fungicide ,plant
metabolism and the metabolism of the
pathogen. It can inhibit ,change or alter the
function of metabolites by inhibiting the
enzymes.
Fungicides are classified in different groups
based on their modes of action and their
chemical properties.
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21. Mann Satvinder K., Kashyap Prem L. ,Kang
Santosh S. ,2010, Plant Pathology A
Competitive Vision ,First Edition ,Kalyani
Publishers ,165-168
Russell, P.E., 2009. Fungicide resistance
action committee (FRAC): a resistance
activity update.Outlooks on Pest
Management,20(3),pp. 122-125.
Singh R.P.,2012, Plant Pathology ,2
nd
Edition,
Kalyani Publishers,324
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