furcation involvement

Molar furcation, furcation, treatment of furcation

1. Furcation Its Involvement and R x Dr Jignesh

2. Why Furcation is an area of complex anatomic morphology ? Difficult for routine periodontal instrumentation Difficult to maintain by routine home care clinical finding of furcation indicates advanced periodontitis and less favourable prognosis Introduction Dr Jignesh

3. BASIC TERMINOLOGIES Dr Jignesh

4. Maxillary Molars & Premolars Brief about normal anatomy mesial distal Dr Jignesh

5. Complexity in Anatomy Dr Jignesh

6. Mandibular Molars and other teeth Dr Jignesh

7. Complexity in Anatomy Dr Jignesh

8. Based on horizontal attachment loss Glickman’s classification (1953) Hamp’s classification (1975) 2. Based on Horizontal and vertical componenets Tarnow and Fletcher’s classification (1984) 3. Based on Combination of these findings and morphology of bone deformity Easley and Drennan’s classification (1969) Classifications of Furcation Involvement (FI) Dr Jignesh

9. Four grades Glickman’s classification (1953) Dr Jignesh

10. GR-III GR-IV Dr Jignesh

11. Hamp’s Classification (1975) Horizontal loss ≤ 3 mm. Horizontal loss of support > 3mm Horizontal through and through destruction Class I Class II Class III Dr Jignesh

12. Tarnow and Fletcher (1984) Based on vertical component 3 subgroups: Subgroup A: 1-3mm Subgroup B: 4-6mm Subgroup C: >7mm Dr Jignesh

13. Clinical Probing Diagnosis Naber’s Probe No. 23 Explorer Each furcation entrance is classified. Dr Jignesh

14. Identification of Local anatomic factors: Root trunk length Root length Interradicular dimension Anatomy of furcation Cervical Enamel Projections Dr Jignesh

15. Radiographically Dr Jignesh

16. Different angulation Dr Jignesh

17. Endodontic involvement Differential Diagnosis Dr Jignesh

18. TFO Dr Jignesh

19. Main objectives are: Elimination of the microbial plaque from root complex Establishment of an anatomy to facilitates proper self‐performed plaque control Prevent further attachment loss Treatment Aspect Dr Jignesh

20. Treatment modalities Grade-I Grade-II Grade-III or IV SRP Furcation plasty (Combination of Odontoplasty and Osteoplasty ) SRP Furcation plasty OFD and Grafting GTR Tunnel preparation GTR Tunnel preparation Root resection Extraction and implant Dr Jignesh

21. 1. SRP Indicated for Grade- I and early grade- II Non-surgical therapy Dr Jignesh

22. Advancements in non-surgical- DeMarco curettes, diamond files, Quetin furcation curettes, and mini Five Gracey Curettes Svärdström and Wennström ( J Periodontol 2000) in the long term, furcations could be maintained over a 10-year period using NSPT . Dr Jignesh

23. 2. Oral Hygiene Procedures meticulous oral hygiene by the patient rubber tips; periodontal aids; proxa toothbrushes. Non-surgical therapy Dr Jignesh

24. Furcation plasty First described by Hamp and colleagues (1975) Early Grade-II Result should be firm, well contoured papilla to cover the furcation defect. Surgical approach Dr Jignesh

25. Furcation plasty Odontoplasty Osteoplasty Dr Jignesh

26. Tunnel preparation Indicated in deep grade- II and grade- III furcation defects in mandibular molars. Long and divergent roots (no possibility of regeneration) Dr Jignesh

27. Regenerative procedures Gottlow et al. ( 1986) published first case rep. using GTR Most predictable results in grade- II ( Pontoriero et al. 1988 ; Lekovic et al. 1989 ; Caffesse et al. 1990) Less predictable in grade-III and maxillary grade-II ( Pontoriero et al. 1989; Pontoriero & Lindhe 1995, Metzeler et al. 1991 ) Dr Jignesh

28. Horizontal type of furcation defects Complex anatomy- poor debridement Poor blood supply for graft material recession of the flap margin and early exposure of both the membrane and fornix Why limited predictability ? Dr Jignesh

29. GTR and grafting Dr Jignesh

30. Advancement in regeneration e-PTFE and DFDBA Enamel matrix proteins PDGF LANAP e-PTFE membrane with b- tricalcium phosphate Dent Clin N Am - (2015) Dr Jignesh

31. Root resection- involves the sectioning and the removal of one or two roots of a multirooted tooth . Root separation- involves the sectioning of the root complex and the maintenance of all roots . Indicated in deep grade- III and IV. Root resection and separation Dr Jignesh

32. By Bassarba et al.: Teeth serving as abutments for prosthesis Severe attachment loss on a single root Teeth for which more predictable Rx is unavailable. Teeth in patients with good oral hygiene and low caries activity Indications Dr Jignesh

33. Poor C/R ratio on remaining roots Unfavourable anatomy of retained roots Long root trunks/ fused roots Teeth in which Endo-Restorative Rx is not possible Inability to perform oral hygiene Splinting is not possible Prosthetic factors Contraindications Dr Jignesh

34. root that will eliminate the furcation with greatest amount of bone/attachment loss Greatest number of anatomic problems: Curvature, grooves, accessory canals Least complicate the future periodontal maintenance Which root to remove ? Dr Jignesh

35. Endodontic treatment Provisional restoration Sequence of treatment ( carnevale 1981) Dr Jignesh

36. Root resection/ Hemisection Dr Jignesh

37. performed as part of the preparation of the segment for prosthetic rehabilitation, that is prior to periodontal surgery ( Carnevale et al . 1981). Dr Jignesh

38. 4. Periodontal surgery osseous resective techniques are used to eliminate angular bone defects around the maintained roots. The provisional restoration is relined. The margins of the provisional restoration must end ≥3 mm coronal of the bone crest flaps are secured with sutures at the level of the bone crest. Dr Jignesh

39. 5 . Final prosthetic restoration After complete soft tissue and hard tissue healing (3months) Dr Jignesh

40. Extraction Extraction is better in grade- III and IV. Inadequte plaque control Can’t commit to a maintenance programe High caries activity Poor socio-economic factor Dr Jignesh

41. In a 5‐year study, Hamp et al . (1975) observed the outcome of treatment of 175 teeth with various degrees of furcation involvementOf 32 (18%) were treated by SRP alone, (12) 49 (28 %) were subjected to furcation plasty (3) 87 teeth (50%), root resection (5) 7 teeth (4%) a tunnel had been prepared (4). Prognosis of Therapy Dr Jignesh

42. Hamp et al. 1992 7‐year study , 182 furcation‐ involved teeth . 57 had been treated by SRP alone 101 were treated by furcation plasty , and 24 were subjected to root resection or hemisection >85% of the furcations treated with SRP alone, or in conjunction with furcation plasty , maintained stable conditions Dr Jignesh

43. Carnevale et al. ( 1998) in a 10‐year prospective controlled clinical trial, demonstrated a 93% survival rate of root resected teeth similar to that of success rates of implants ( Fugazzato et al. 2001) Greater than 65-70% rate of implants placed in poorer bone quality ( Engquist , Jaffin and Berman 1991) Dr Jignesh

44. Recently, Huynh‐Ba et al. (2009) published a systematic review ( 22 publications ) Reported tooth survival rates Non‐surgical furcation therapy : 90.7–100% at the end of the observation period of 5–12 years . Grade- I : 99-100% Grade- II: 95% Grade- III & IV: 25% Dr Jignesh

45. Surgical furcation therapy (i.e. flap with or without osseous resection, gingivectomy / gingivoplasty , but not including furcation odontoplasty ): 43.1–96% at the end of an observation period of 5–53 years . Tunnel preparation : 42.9–92.9% after 5–8 years of observation . Dr Jignesh

46. Surgical resective therapy (i.e. root resection or root separation ): 62–100% after an observation period of 5–13 years. Reported complications were mainly root fractures and endodontic failures. Surgical regenerative therapy (i.e. GTR, bone grafts ): 62–100 % after a period of 5–12 years. horizontal furcation depth reduction in most of the cases No complete furcation closure, especially in severely involved mandibular and maxillary molars. Dr Jignesh

47. Conclusion No clear scientific evidence that any given treatment modality is superior to the others . Treatment modalities are more predictable for grade- I and grade- II 4 keys for long term success Dr Jignesh

48. Thank You Dr Jignesh

49. Refrences Carranza clinical Periodontology 11th edition Jan Lindhe , Clinical Periodontology and Implant dentistry:6th ed. Periodontal therapy: Clinical approaches and evidence of success: Nevins and Mellonig . Periodontal surgery a clinical atlas: N. Sato . Color atlas of cosmetic and reconstructive periodontal surgery: E. Cohen . Ponteriero and Lindhe . GTR in the treatment of degree III furcation defects in maxillary molars : JCP 1995, 22: 810-812. J zambon , Unanswered Questions Can Bone Lost from Furcations Be Regenerated?. dental clinics of north america . 2015. Dr Jignesh