FUTURE OF PHARMACY FIELD AND ITS SCOPE.pptx

Details in different fields of pharmacy

1. FUTURE OF PHARMACY GROUP NO. 6

2. Mahnoor Faseeha Arfa Kiran Iman Fatima Nida Alishba Areeba Nimra Arooba PRESENTED BY

3. INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACY PROFESSION WHAT IS PHARMACY? The word “Pharmacy” is derived from the Greek word “ Pharmakon ” means medicine or drug. Pharmacy is an art & science of collecting, combining. preparing, preserving, & standardization of drugs and medicines either from natural or synthetic sources. It also includes knowledge of drug, art of compounding and dispensing them. The professional practice is becoming more clinically oriented as most of the drugs are now manufactured by pharmaceutical industries.

4. DEFINITIONS OF PHARMACY Pharmacy can be defined as the knowledge of identification, selection, pharmaceutical action, preservation, combination, analysis and standardization of drugs and medicines. Pharmacy is the art and science of preparing, dispensing and proper utilization of drugs and medicines.

5. PRIMARY HEALTHCARE: COMMUNITY PHARMACY A community pharmacy serves the local area, offering services like prescription compounding, dispensing, and patient counseling. It operates with a focus on care, accuracy, and legal compliance.

6. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF DRUG STORES

7. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF COMMUNITY PHARMACIST In processing prescriptions Clinical pharmacy Patient care Drug monitoring Extemporaneous medicines Alternative medicines Checking symptoms of minor aliments Health care professional

8. Layout of the Community Pharmacy Controlled Substances Kept in a locked storage cabinet under supervision of a pharmacist. Psychotropic Drugs Require prescriptions and must be recorded. Repeated checking of products, labeling, and packaging. Cough Mixtures Contains Dextromethorphan. Refrigeration A refrigerator to store drugs. Required to be kept at a temperature between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius. Exclusively for medications, no food or beverages.

9. Prescription Counter & Consulting Area: The prescription processing area that pharmacists use to prepare prescriptions. Consultation area strictly for pharmacist use. Front Area (OTC Section): OTC drugs like Panadol Cosmetics, toiletries, and other merchandise. Vitamins and supplements Store Area Used to keep excess stocks. General store or drug store (must be locked). Must be dry and cool.

10. SECONDARY HEALTHCARE Hospital pharmacy

11. It is a specialised field of pharmacy which forms an integrated part of patient health care in a health Hospital pharmacy is a specialised field of pharmacy which comprises the art, practice, and profession of choosing, preparing, storing, compounding, and dispensing medicines and medical devices, advising patients, doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals on their safe, effective and efficient use.

12. R ole of a hospital pharmacist   Devising specific medication plans that are individualised for patients. Assisting physicians and other health professionals to make drug-based decisions. Compounding medications for use in the hospital. Conducting clinical trials to uncover new or modified treatments for rare diseases.

13. Mission of a hospital pharmacist Their mission is to to enhance the safety and quality of all medicine related processes affecting patients of the hospital to ensure the 7 “rights” are respected : right patient right dose right route right time right drug right information and documentation.

14. Tertiary health care & Academic pharmacists

15. ROLE OF PHARMACY IN TERTIARY HEALTH CARE In tertiary health care, the pharmacy department plays several crucial roles which include: Clinical pharmacy services Medication management Pharmaceutical compounding Drug information and medication Research and innovation

16. WHAT IS CLINICAL PHARMACY? “ Clinical Pharmacy is that branch of Pharmacy which is concerned with various aspects of patient care and deals not only with dispensing of drugs but also on advising the patient on the safe and rational use of drugs.” “Clinical pharmacy is defined as that area of pharmacy concerned with the science and practice of rational medication use. It involves the participation of clinical pharmacists in drug therapy decisions in patient care areas.” It is also called “Patient-oriented Pharmacy”, so it includes not only the dispensing or administration of required medications but also advice the patient on the proper use of all medications. Clinical pharmacy can also be practiced in community as well as in hospital.

17. OBJECTIVES OF CLINICAL PHARMACY: The fundamental aim of clinical pharmacy is to provide rational drug therapy (correct drug at right time in right dose to minimize the detrimental drug effect). The primary object of medical pharmacy as follows. To aid the medical doctor about the dosage varieties and schedule of dose. To aid nurses in administration of medicine. Counselling with patient for use of drugs.

18. Makes rounds with medical team Takes patient history Patient education Patient care To counsel the patient Drug interaction monitoring Safe use of drug RESPONSIBILITIES OF CLINICAL PHARMACIST

19. Adverse drug reaction reporting Pharmaceutical care – most beneficial use of medicinal drugs to gain particular results that improve a patient’s quality of life Participation in drug utilization studies Disease management cases Formulation and management of drug policies RESPONSIBILITIES OF CLINICAL PHARMACIST

20. REQUIREMENTS OF CLINICAL PHARMACIST Knowledge of drug therapy Knowledge of the disease Communication skills Patient monitoring skills Knowledge of laboratory and diagnostic skills Physical assessment skills

21. Medication Management Medication distributing system in hospitals Various units ICU, Surgical Unit, Specialty clinics Pharmaceutical Compounding Specific Formulations Chemotherapy agents Sterile preparations

22. Drug information and Education To health care workers, patients and caretakers About drug doses, interaction and adverse effects Research and innovation Everlasting learning process Upgradaton of knowledge and competencies Enhance medication control and drug stability

23. Academics Pharmacists Provide learning and thoughtful environment Educate and train future pharmacists A mix of teaching, researching and practicing Faculty positions Lecturer, assistant professor, associate professor, professor, research assistant References https://careersinpharmacy.uk https://www.rpharms.com https://www.physio-pedia.com https://intechopen.com https://sciencedirect.com https://www.researchgate.net    

24. Industrial Pharmacy Industrial Pharmacist Roles In Drug Development And Manufacturing

25. Industrial Pharmacist Roles In Drug Development And Manufacturing Industrial Pharmacist conduct research ,testing and analysis in development of medicines and production of pharmaceutical related supplies

26. Functional Areas Within Pharmaceutical Industries Pharmaceutical Sciences Production Management Regulatory Compliance Quality Assurance and Control Measure of drug Exposure Choosing the Target Suppression of emergence of resistance as end point

27. Functional Areas Within Pharmaceutical Industries Choosing a drug dose from pre-clinical plus phase 1 data Pharmacokinetic Variability Microbiological Variability Integrating sources of Variability Phase 2 clinical trial validation of dose for use in phase 3 trials

28. Role in Clinical Research Plan and execute experiments to evaluate drug efficacy, safety, and dosage forms Collaborate with cross-functional teams to ensure proper design and conduct of research projects Analyze and interpret research data using appropriate statistical and analytical methods Summarize research findings and generate detailed reports for internal and external stakeholders Present research results at scientific conferences and prepare publications for peer-reviewed journals Ensure compliance with relevant regulatory guidelines and requirements during all stages of research

29. Role in Clinical Research Maintain accurate and up-to-date documentation of research processes, results, and regulatory submissions Collaborate with other researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders to integrate research outcomes into clinical practice Communicate research progress, findings, and implications to diverse audiences, including both scientific and lay communities Coordinate and manage multiple research projects simultaneously, ensuring adherence to timelines and budgets Supervise research assistants, interns, or other team members involved in the research process

30. Pharmacy Journalism

31. INTRODUCTION TO PHAMACEUTICAL JOURNALISM Pharmacy Journalism deals with the coverage, analysis, dissemination and reporting of news, research and development within: Pharmaceutical Industry Healthcare Sector Pharmaceutical Profession

32. IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACY JOURNALISM It compasses various formats. It is in the form of print media, broadcast media and internet media. Here are the few examples of Pharmacy Journalism. Drug discovery and development Drug regulation and policy Healthcare trends Patient education

33. How can you ensure your career in Pharmacy Journalism? Pharmacy Education: Journalism Training: Writing Skills: Critical Thinking: Networking: Continuing Education:

34. Future of Pharmacy Journalism The future of pharmacy journalists is characterized by innovation, collaboration, and a commitment to advancing public understanding of pharmacy practice. Digital Transformation Audience Engagement and Personalization Collaborative and Community-driven Journalism Emergence of New Revenue Models Data Journalism and Visual Storytelling

35.   Conclusion: Health care life needs coverage through news articles, journals, print media, social media that is provided by pharmacy journalism. Pharmacy journalists provide accurate and timely information about vaccine development, efficacy, safety, and distribution to the general public. For instance, Pharmacy journalists have played a significant role in covering various aspects of the COVID-19 vaccine development, distribution, and administration process

36. Pharmaceutical packaging technology Presented by : Kiran Fatima Roll no. : D23E40

37. Introduction Packaging is defined as the collection of different components which surround the pharmaceutical product from the time of production until its use. Packaging pharmaceutical products is a broad, encompassing, and multi faced task. Packaging is responsible for life saving drugs, medical devices, and medical nutritionals in every imaginable dosage form to deliver every type of supplement, liquid, solid, powder, suspension, or drop to people the world over .

38. Functions of Pharmaceutical packaging technology: Containment: The containment of the product is the most important and fundamental function of packaging for medicinal products. This requires the packaging: not to leak, nor allow diffusion and permeation of the product to be strong enough to hold the contents. Protection: The packaging must protect the product against all adverse changes that may affect its quality or potency, such as light, moisture, oxygen, biological contamination and mechanical damage.

39. Categories of Pharmaceutical Packaging Materials: Primary packaging system is the material that first envelops the product and holds it e.g., ampoules and vials, prefilled syringes, IV containers, etc. Secondary packaging system is outside the primary packaging and used to group primary packages together e.g., cartons, boxes, shipping containers, injection trays, etc. Tertiary packaging system is used for bulk handling and shipping e.g., barrel, container, edge protectors, etc

40. Packaging designs: There are variety of substrates used in the design of packages with intent to provide counterfeit and tamper evident features starting from litho papers, polystyrenes, destructive vinyl’s, acetate film synthetic papers and coatings etc.

41. Future of pharmaceutical packaging technology: Changes in pharmaceutical industry research and manufacturing technologies have driven developments in packaging and delivery systems. Component manufacturers have responded with new materials and technologies that ensure extended drug product shelf life. The pharmaceutical packaging market is constantly advancing and has experienced annual growth of at least five percent per annum in past few years. As with most other packaged goods, pharmaceutical need reliable and speedy packaging solutions that deliver a combination of product protection, quality, tamper evidence, patient comfort and security needs.    

42. Regulatory bodies in pharmacy play an important role in ensuring safety and quality of pharmaceutical products. They establish rules and regulations for pharmaceutical companies to protect public health. Their functions also include registration and marketing authorization, vigilance, regulatory inspection, laboratory testing,etc. REGULATORY BODIES

43. DRUG REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF PAKISTAN (DRAP) Introduction: DRAP was established in 2012 approved under DRAP ACT, 2012. Mr.Asim Rauf is the Chief Executive Ofiicer (CEO) of DRAP.

44. Responsibilities of DRAP: The main responsibility of DRAP is that every drug,medical device or cosmetic, alternative medicine and health product that are available in the market must have a certain standard of quality and is safe and effective for use. It is also responsible for the import and export of the drugs. It is also responsible for the manufacturing , regulation ,distribution and sale of therapeutic goods in the country.

45. PHARMACY COUNCIL OF PAKISTAN: Pharmacy council of Pakistan was established under the pharmacy act 1967.Dr. Baseer Khan Achakzai is the president of pharmacy council of Pakistan.

46. Responsibilities : Pharmacy council of Pakistan is responsible for the registration of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. Their aim is also to promote pharmacy education in the country. It ensures that pharmacy education meets international standards. It was established to protect, promote and maintain the health, safety and well-being of patients and the public. They also establish guidelines for pharmacies and enforce ethical standards.

47. Importance: These regulatory bodies provide job opportunities in various fields related to pharmacy. They offer positions in areas such as: Drug inspectors , that visits to pharmaceutical companies for checking the quality of drugs. They ensure that drugs must be safe for consumption of pateints. If they observe any disturbance,most drug inspectors have the authority to cancel license. Pharmacovigilance collect,monitor,research,assess and evaluate data from patients about different medications, biological products and vaccines.

48. Drug safety officer evaluate and determine negative effects of a medicine. Then they report these effects to their supervisors to improve the medicines. They also ensure that drugs are manufactured, tested, and marketed in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Drug registration , where you would be involved in the manufacturing and approval of new drugs and medicines . In conclusion, the pharmaceutical sector depends on regulatory bodies to guarantee a high quality, safety and efficiency of its products. In addition, they ensure that the medications are produced, labeled and sold in accordance with national legal and regulatory standards.

49. PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION AND REGULATORY BODIES

50. Objective : To understand the role and significance of professional associations and regulatory bodies in various industries Here are some professional associations of regulatory bodies on pharmacy: Food and Drug Administration (FDA): FDA is responsible for the manufacturing, marketing and labeling of pharmaceutical products in the U.S. National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP): NABP assists boards of pharmacy by ensuring consistent standards among each state board in the U.S. European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA): EFPIA acts as a voice for the pharmaceutical industry in Europe.

51. Drug Information Association (DIA): DIA is a global, non-profit association that provides knowledge resources across the full spectrum of medical product development. The Organisation for Professionals in Regulatory Affairs (TOPRA): TOPRA is a professional membership organization for individuals engaged in regulatory affairs for human and veterinary medicines and medical devices worldwide. Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America ( PhRMA ): PhRMA represents biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in the U.S. International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering (ISPE): ISPE provides pharmaceutical industry professionals with opportunities to develop technical knowledge, exchange practical experience and collaborate with global regulatory agencies and industry leaders.

52. INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY BODIES Here are some of the international regulatory bodies of pharmacy: World Health Organization (WHO): A specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that deals with international public health. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH): An international nonprofit association that brings together regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical industry to harmonize scientific and technical aspects of drug registration. European Medicines Agency (EMA): Works with its partners in Europe and beyond to contribute to the health of EU citizens and people around the world.

53. International Pharmaceutical Regulators Programme (IPRP): A forum for its members and observers to exchange information on issues related to regulation of pharmaceutical medicinal products for human use and to promote regulatory convergence Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Responsible for protecting public health by assuring the safety, efficacy and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, the nation’s food supply, cosmetics and products.

54. ABROAD OPPORTUNITIES FOR A PHARMACIST Pharmacists play an important role in health care systems worldwide 🌐 and their skills are highly demanding world-wide. In todays globalized world pharmacists have various opportunities to explore International career paths.

55. Work opportunities : USA: Community pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, clinical research UK: Community pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, GP practice (General Practitioner) Australia: Community pharmacy, hospital pharmacy Study opportunities: Master's or Ph.D. programs in pharmacy or related fields in the USA, UK, or Australia Other Opportunities: Tele pharmacy Public health Pharmacy technician

56. Countries demanding pharmacists : United states Canada United Kingdom Australia Germany TESTS FOR LICENSE AND CERTIFICATIONS IN ABROAD: FPGEC (The Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Equivalency Examination) it is a program administered by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy ( NABP) in the United States . After obtaining FPGEC certification, foreign-educated pharmacists are eligible to take the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) and the Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Examination ( MPJE) to obtain licensure to practice pharmacy in a specific state in the United States. Canada : PEBC e xam (Pharmacy examining board of Canada) United Kingdom: GPHC exam (General pharmaceutical council)

57. SALARIES IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES: The average pharmacist gross salary in Canada is $136,089 The average pharmacist gross salary in Germany is 82.719 €. The average pharmacist gross salary in United Kingdom is £74,566. United States Pharmacist average salary $107,000 to $118,000.

58. OTHER OPPORTUNITIES IN PHARMACY

59. Pharma programmes open up with the wealth of career opportunities in pharmaceutical field. Options may include working as Forensic pharmacist Consultant pharmacist Nuclear pharmacist Pharmacy sales officer Medical sales representative Pharmacy technicians Regulatory affairs officer

60. Pharmacology: Pharmacology is a biomedical science deals with discovery ,research and characterization. Pharmacologist are the medical scientists work in making new drugs. They test different medications on cell samples conduct research and clinical trials. The research conducted by them is to determine safe and effective dosage, side effects, benefits and safety. They work as neuroscientists, toxicologist, chemical biologists, and cardio vascular system scientists. Pharmacologist work for academia government, pharmaceutical companies, biotec companies and bioteorganisations .

61. Regulatory Affairs: Profession developed by government to protect public health by controlling the safety and efficiency of products in the area. They administer the companies responsible for discovery, testing, marketing of products to ensure that the products are safe. After the medicine is introduced in the market, the regulatory affairs professionals will be needed to keep up to date with legislations and adhere to requirements.

62. Nuclear Pharmacy: Speciality of pharmacy practice involve in preparation of radioactive materials to improve and promote health through the safe and effective use of radioactive drugs to diagnose and treat specific states. Consultant Pharmacy: A consultant pharmacist provide expert advice, academic pharmacy, public health pharmacy and industrial pharmacy. Regarding the safe use and production of medications. Pharmacist perform patient assessments and develop treatment plans.

63. THANK YOU !