G.M Macheli Geography Grade 11 Content.pptx

Geography

1. G.M MACHELI 222061573 Energy sources GEOGRAPHY GRADE 11

2. Lesson Objectives Define Conventional energy Identify conventional and alternative energy source Discuss the limitations of both conventional and alternative energy Analyze the impacts of conventional and renewable energy sources

3. What comes to mind when you see this picture/meme? Disclaimer: This meme was created by me (G.M Macheli). Link https://imgflip.com/i/90vqwp

4. Energy is essential for powering our modern societies, but the sources we rely on can have significant environmental impacts. This presentation will explore the key differences between conventional and alternative energy sources, and their respective effects on the environment. Introduction © Slideshare , Solar Energy

5. Conventional Energy Sources Primarily consisting of oil, gas, and coal, these non-renewable resources are the most widely used energy sources worldwide ( Suresh, 2022 ). Utilizing conventional energy sources has underpinned numerous pivotal innovations that have propelled energy production and influenced our future trajectory . Conventional energy sources refer to regularly utilised and typically non-renewable energy sources that will run out soon ( Gudgune , 2020). Ak and Demirbas (2016) claim that fossil fuels continue to account for more than 80% of global energy resources. 1. Fossil Fuels © Slideshare , Thermal Power Plant

6. Continued… Nuclear power plants exhibit cheap fuel expenses and maintain near-constant operations at maximum capacity, yielding up to 90% of their total capacity ( Parashar , 2020) . Indeed, these devices cannot be toggled on or off or function at reduced power levels without experiencing decreased efficiency (Sarkodie and Adams, 2018) . Koeberg nuclear power plant in Cape Town South Africa contributes to about 5% of Eskom's total electricity (Department of Minerals and Energy, 2017). © Slideshare , Nuclear Power Plant

7. Environmental Impact of Conventional Energy Pollution Conventional energy sources often release harmful pollutants, such as greenhouse gases, particulates, and toxic chemicals, into the environment ( Baig , 2022a). Resource Depletion The finite nature of fossil fuels and the environmental damage caused by extraction and processing pose significant sustainability challenges. ( Wernecke et al. 2024) The construction of power plants, pipelines, and other infrastructure can disrupt fragile ecosystems and habitats, leading to biodiversity loss. Ecosystem Disruption

8. Alternative Energy Sources Solar Power Harnessing the sun's abundant energy through photovoltaic cells, solar power is a clean and renewable source of electricity. Wind Energy Utilizing the power of wind to turn turbines and generate electricity, wind energy is a rapidly growing alternative to fossil fuels. Geothermal Power Extracting heat from the Earth's interior, geothermal energy provides a sustainable and reliable source of power. Biofuels Derived from organic materials, such as crops and waste, biofuels offer a renewable alternative to traditional fossil-based fuels. Hussain (2015)discusses the main sources of alternative energy which includes; © Slideshare , Wind Turbines

9. Environmental Impact of Alternative Energy © Slideshare , Pollution Vs Eco-friendly

10. Limitations of Renewable Energy © Slideshare , Challenges of renewable energy sources

11. Comparing Energy Sources 1 Renewable Alternative energy sources, such as solar and wind, are renewable and can be replenished, while conventional sources like fossil fuels are finite ( Mansoor , 2016). 2 Environmental Impact Alternative energy has a significantly lower environmental impact, with reduced emissions and minimal disruption to ecosystems ( Mishra, 2022b) . 3 Reliability Conventional energy sources are generally more reliable and consistent in their power output, while alternative sources can be intermittent ( Ashaf , 2024b). © Slideshare , Pollution Vs Eco-friendly

12. Transitioning to Alternative Energy Policy Incentives Governments can encourage the adoption of alternative energy through policies like tax credits, subsidies, and renewable energy mandates. 2. Technological Advancements Continued research and development in alternative energy technologies, such as improved battery storage and more efficient solar cells, can drive the transition. 3. Public Awareness Educating the public about the benefits of alternative energy and their environmental impact can increase consumer demand and support for the transition. Baumgartner (2019) argues that the transition to alternative energy must follow the following aspects:

13. ©YouTube, The Future of energy The Future of Energy

14. Conclusion The transition from conventional to alternative energy sources is crucial for addressing the pressing environmental challenges we face and adherence to the rules and regulations brought forward by governing bodies will play a pivotal role in striking a balance between energy efficiency and sustainability. Furthermore, by understanding the impacts of both energy types and exploring the pathways for a sustainable energy future, we can work towards a cleaner, more resilient energy landscape. © Slideshare , Sustainability

15. References Ashraf, A. (2023). Carbon Emissions and renewable and non-renewable reources . Available at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/carbon-emissions-and-renewable-and-nonrenewable-resourcespptx/255208611 (Accessed 20 August 2024) Baig, M, S. (2019). Limitations of conventional energy sources. Available at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/limitations-of-conventional-sources-of-energy/141069404 (Accessed 20 August 2024) Baumgartner, T., 2019. Transitions to alternative energy systems: Entrepreneurs, new technologies, and social change . Routledge. Department of Minerals and Energy (2017). Government communications and energy systems: The Yearbook 2017 . Available at: https://www.gcis.gov.za/sites/default/files/docs/resourcecentre/yearbook/Energy2017.pdf (Accessed: 15 August 2024). Gadgune , S. (2020). Introduction to conventional energy sources. Available from: Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/introduction-to-conventional-energy-sources/237476248 (Accessed 19 August 2024) Hussain, Z. Renewable sources of Energy, effieciency , uses and latest research. Available at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/renewable-energy-sources-efficiency-uses-and-latest-research/46272901 ( Accessed 20 August 2023) Mansoor, M. 2016. Alternative Energy Sources. Available at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/alternate-sources-of-energy-68784693/68784693 ( Accesed 20 August 2016) Mishra, P. (2022). Alternative sources of Energy. Available at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/alternate-sources-of-energypptx-253989016/253989016 (Accessed 21 August 2024)

16. References cont.. Obodji , O. (2023). Renerwable Energy Innovation. Available at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/renewable-energy-innovation-258011221/258011221 (Accessed 20 August 2023) Parashar, P. (2020). Sources of Energy). Available at https://www.slideshare.net/piyushparashar13/sources-of-energy-1-238071009 ( Accessed 20 August 2023) Pekam,S . (2016). Conventional energy and non-conventional sources of energy in India. Available from: Slideshareat https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/conventional-and-non-conventional-sources-of-energy-in-india/67212235 ( Accessd 19 August 2024) Suresh, M., (2022). Unit 1: Renewable Energy Systems. Available at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/res-unit1-pptsureshpdf/253185852 (Accessed 19 August 2022) World Economic Forum (2023, April 19) The Future of Energy: An Overview , YouTube [Video] . Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwsAf0do-yo&t=15s (Accessed: 21 August 2024). Wernecke , B., Langerman , K.E., Howard, A.I. and Wright, C.Y. (2024). ‘Research brief: Fuel switching and energy stacking in low-income households in South Africa: A review with recommendations for Household Air Pollution Exposure Research’, Clean Air Journal , 34(1). doi:10.17159/ caj /2024/34/1.18555