G10 Science Q4- Week 1-2-Constant Temp of Gas.ppt

Constant Temperature of a gas

1. Constant
Temperature of
Gas
PREPARED BY: TYPE YOUR NAME HERE

2. S9MT -IIj - 20
Investigate the relationship between:
1 volume and pressure at constant
temperature of a gas
2 volume and temperature at
constant pressure of a gas
3 explains these relationships using
the kinetic molecular theory

3. A. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Particles in an ideal gas…
have no volume.
have elastic collisions.
are in constant, random, straight-
line motion.
don’t attract or repel each other.
have an avg. KE directly related to
Kelvin temperature.

4. B. Real Gases
Particles in a REAL gas…
have their own volume
attract each other
Gas behavior is most ideal…
at low pressures
at high temperatures
in nonpolar atoms/molecules

5. C. Characteristics of Gases
Gases expand to fill any container.
random motion, no attraction
Gases are fluids (like liquids).
no attraction
Gases have very low densities.
no volume = lots of empty space

6. C. Characteristics of Gases
Gases can be compressed.
no volume = lots of empty space
Gases undergo diffusion & effusion.
random motion

7. D. Temperature
Always use absolute temperature (Kelvin) when working with gases.
ºF
ºC
K
-459 32 212
-273 0 100
0 273 373
 32FC
9
5
 K = ºC + 273

8. E. Pressure
area
force
pressure
Which shoes create the most pressure?

9. E. Pressure
Barometer
measures atmospheric pressure
Mercury Barometer
Aneroid Barometer

10. E. Pressure
Manometer
measures contained gas pressure
U-tube Manometer Bourdon-tube gauge

11. E. Pressure
KEY UNITS AT SEA LEVEL
101.325 kPa (kilopascal)
1 atm
760 mm Hg
760 torr
14.7 psi
2
m
N
kPa

12. F. STP
Standard Temperature & PressureStandard Temperature & Pressure
0°C 273 K
1 atm 101.325 kPa
-OR-
STP

13. II. The
Gas Laws
BOYLES
CHARLES
GAY-
LUSSAC
Ch. 12 - Gases

14. A. Boyle’s Law
P
V
PV = k

15. A. Boyle’s Law
The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely
related
at constant mass & temp
P
V
PV = k

16. A. Boyle’s Law

17. k
T
V

V
T
B. Charles’ Law

18. k
T
V

V
T
B. Charles’ Law
The volume and absolute temperature (K) of a gas are
directly related
at constant mass & pressure

19. B. Charles’ Law

20. GIVEN:
V
1 = 473 cm
3
T
1 = 36°C = 309K
V
2 = ?
T
2 = 94°C = 367K
WORK:
P
1V
1T
2 = P
2V
2T
1
E. Gas Law Problems
A gas occupies 473 cm
3
at 36°C. Find its volume at 94°C.
CHARLES’ LAW
TV
(473 cm
3
)(367 K)=V
2(309 K)
V
2
= 562 cm
3

21. GIVEN:
V
1 = 100. mL
P
1 = 150. kPa
V
2 = ?
P
2 = 200. kPa
WORK:
P
1V
1T
2 = P
2V
2T
1
E. Gas Law Problems
A gas occupies 100. mL at 150. kPa. Find its volume at 200. kPa.
BOYLE’S LAW
PV
(150.kPa)(100.mL)=(200.kPa)V
2
V
2
= 75.0 mL

22. III. Ideal Gas Law

23. k
n
V
V
n
A. Avogadro’s Principle

24. k
n
V
V
n
A. Avogadro’s Principle
Equal volumes of gases contain
equal numbers of moles
at constant temp & pressure
true for any gas

25. PV
T
B. Ideal Gas Law
V
n
PV
nT
= k
UNIVERSAL GAS
CONSTANT
R=0.0821 Latm/molK
R=8.315 dm
3
kPa/molK
= R

26. B. Ideal Gas Law
UNIVERSAL GAS
CONSTANT
R=0.0821 Latm/molK
R=8.315 dm
3
kPa/molK
PV=nRT

27. GIVEN:
P = ? atm
n = 0.412 mol
T = 16°C = 289 K
V = 3.25 L
R = 0.0821Latm/molK
WORK:
PV = nRT
P(3.25)=(0.412)(0.0821)(289)
L mol Latm/molK K
P = 3.01 atm
B. Ideal Gas Law
Calculate the pressure in atmospheres of
0.412 mol of He at 16°C & occupying 3.25
L.
IDEAL GAS LAW

28. GIVEN:
V = ?
n = 85 g
T = 25°C = 298 K
P = 104.5 kPa
R = 8.315 dm
3
kPa/molK
B. Ideal Gas Law
Find the volume of 85 g of O
2 at
25°C and 104.5 kPa.
= 2.7 mol
WORK:
85 g 1 mol = 2.7 mol
32.00 g
PV = nRT
(104.5)V=(2.7) (8.315) (298)
kPa mol dm
3
kPa/molK K
V = 64 dm
3
IDEAL GAS LAW

29. WORK:
PV = nRT
(97.3 kPa) (15.0 L)
= n (8.315dm
3
kPa/molK) (294K)
n = 0.597 mol O
2
B. Gas Stoichiometry Problem
How many grams of Al
2
O
3
are formed from
15.0 L of O
2
at 97.3 kPa & 21°C?
GIVEN:
P = 97.3 kPa
V = 15.0 L
n = ?
T = 21°C = 294 K
R = 8.315 dm
3
kPa/molK
4 Al + 3 O
2  2 Al
2O
3
15.0 L
non-STP ? g
Given liters: Start with
Ideal Gas Law and
calculate moles of O
2
.
NEXT 

30. 2 mol
Al
2O
3
3 mol O
2
B. Gas Stoichiometry Problem
How many grams of Al
2O
3 are formed
from 15.0 L of O
2 at 97.3 kPa & 21°C?
0.597
mol O
2
= 40.6 g Al
2
O
3
4 Al + 3 O
2  2 Al
2O
3
101.96 g
Al
2
O
3
1 mol
Al
2
O
3
15.0L
non-STP ? gUse stoich to convert moles
of O
2 to grams Al
2O
3.

31. A. Dalton’s Law
The total pressure of a
mixture of gases equals the
sum of the partial pressures
of the individual gases.
P
total = P
1 + P
2 + ...
P
atm = P
H2 + P
H2O

32. GIVEN:
P
H2 = ?
P
total = 94.4 kPa
P
H2O = 2.72 kPa
WORK:
P
total = P
H2 + P
H2O
94.4 kPa = P
H2 + 2.72 kPa
P
H2 = 91.7 kPa
A. Dalton’s Law
Hydrogen gas is collected over water at
22.5°C. Find the pressure of the dry gas if
the atmospheric pressure is 94.4 kPa.
Look up water-vapor pressure
on p.899 for 22.5°C.
Sig Figs: Round to least number
of decimal places.
The total pressure in the collection bottle is equal to atmospheric
pressure and is a mixture of H
2 and water vapor.

33. GIVEN:
P
gas = ?
P
total = 742.0 torr
P
H2O = 42.2 torr
WORK:
P
total = P
gas + P
H2O
742.0 torr = P
H2 + 42.2 torr
P
gas = 699.8 torr
A. Dalton’s Law
A gas is collected over water at a temp of 35.0°C
when the barometric pressure is 742.0 torr. What
is the partial pressure of the dry gas?
DALTON’S LAW
Look up water-vapor pressure
on p.899 for 35.0°C.
Sig Figs: Round to least number
of decimal places.
The total pressure in the collection bottle is equal to barometric
pressure and is a mixture of the “gas” and water vapor.

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infringement intended.