G8-Science-Q2-Week-6-Compare-and-contrast-comets-meteors-and-asteroids-pptx.pptx

Powerpoint Presentation of Near Earth Objects

1. Qtr 2, Module 3: Comets, Asteroids and Meteors PREPARED BY: JOVY B. GAGABUAN Teacher III, MARHS

2. S8ES - IIg - 22 Compare and contrast comets, meteors, and asteroids

3. What are the parts of a typhoon Categories of Typhoon Describe how land forms and bodies of water affect the formation of typhoon. Review

4. Describe the following: Asteroid Comet Meteors/ Meteorites/ Meteoroids https://artpictures.club/autumn-2023.html

5. Describe the following: Comet Asteroids Meteors/ Meteorites/ Meteoroids

6. Asteroids Asteroids are rocky fragments left over from the formation of the solar system about 4.6 billion years ago.

7. Asteroid Ida and its moon Dactyl, imaged by the Galileo spacecraft. Asteroids

8. These rocky fragments are also called Minor Planets or Planetoids. Most asteroids orbit the sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter ( Asteroid Belt) Asteroids

9. Scientists think there are probably millions of asteroids, ranging widely in size from hundreds of kilometers across to less than one kilometer (a little more than one-half mile) wide . Asteroids

10. Occasionally, asteroids' orbital paths are influenced by the gravitational tug of planets, which cause their paths to alter. Scientists believe stray asteroids or fragments from earlier collisions have slammed into Earth in the past, playing a major role in the evolution of our planet Asteroids

11. KUIPER BELT

12. ASTEROID WHAT IS ASTEROID BELT The asteroid belt is a torus-shaped region in the Solar System, centered on the Sun and roughly spanning the space between the orbits of the planets Jupiter and Mars. It contains a great many solid, irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets. The identified objects are of many sizes, but much smaller than planets, and, on average, are about one million kilometers (or six hundred thousand miles) apart. This asteroid belt is also called the main asteroid belt or main belt to distinguish it from other asteroid populations in the Solar System.[1] The asteroid belt is the smallest and innermost known circumstellar disc in the Solar System. Classes of small Solar System bodies in other regions are the near-Earth objects, the centaurs, the Kuiper belt objects, the scattered disc objects, the sednoids, and the Oort cloud objects. About 60% of the main belt mass is contained in the four largest asteroids: Ceres, Vesta, Pallas, and Hygiea. The total mass of the asteroid belt is estimated to be 3% that of the Moon.[2] Ceres, the only object in the asteroid belt large enough to be a dwarf planet, is about 950 km in diameter, whereas Vesta, Pallas, and Hygiea have mean diameters less than 600 km.[3][4][5][6] The remaining bodies range down to the size of a dust particle.

13. Asteroids What is the Kuiper Belt? The Kuiper Belt is a region of space. The inner edge begins at the orbit of Neptune, at about 30 AU from the Sun. (1 AU, or astronomical unit, is the distance from Earth to the Sun.) The outer edge continues outward to nearly 1,000 AU, with some bodies on orbits that go even further beyond. There are bits of rock and ice, comets and dwarf planets in the Kuiper Belt. Besides Pluto and a bunch of comets, other interesting Kuiper Belt Objects are Eris, Makemake and Haumea. They are dwarf planets like Pluto. The Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) are all small because they might have come together to form a planet had Neptune not been there. Instead, Neptune’s gravity stirred up this region of space so much that the small, icy objects there weren’t able to coalesce into a large planet.

14. ASTEROID BELT & KUIPER BELT

15. ASTEROID BELT & KUIPER BELT

16. Comets Comets are relatively small, fragile, irregularly shaped bodies and, like asteroids, they are left over from the solar system formation process. Comets, however, are icy dirtballs that form in the outer solar system. The icy surface is embedded with dust, grit and particles from space. Many comets have elliptical orbits that cut across the orbits of the planets, taking them very close to the sun and then swinging them far away, often past Pluto. The most distant comets may take more than 30 million years to complete one orbit. Comets with smaller orbital paths can take less than 200 years to orbit the sun, making them more predictable.

17. Comets When far from the sun, comets are very cold, icy dirtballs. As they approach the sun, their surfaces begin to warm and volatile materials vaporize. The vaporizing gases carry small dust grains with them, which form an atmosphere of gas and dust and can look like a bright tail when seen from Earth.

18. PARTS OF A COMET

19. Meteors, meteoroids and Meteorites While travelling through space, asteroids sometimes collide with each other and break up into smaller fragments. Comets shed dust as they roam the solar system. These 'break ups' result in numerous small particles and fragments, called METEOROIDS , which orbit the sun.

20. Most meteoroids are small and rocky. When one approaches Earth, it burns up as it goes through Earth's atmosphere. Thus a METEOR , or shooting star, is formed. Fireballs are larger meteoroids, roughly ranging in size anywhere from a basketball to a Volkswagen. They also make very impressive sky displays as they break into fragments and burn up in their passage through Earth's atmosphere. Meteors, meteoroids and Meteorites

21. Some meteoroids survive passage through Earth's atmosphere and hit the ground. These are called METEORITES. Meteors, meteoroids and Meteorites

22.   Comets Asteroids Meteors Location Comets orbit the sun, but most are believed to inhabit in an area known as the Oort Cloud, far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Between the orbit of Mars and Jupiter or are co-orbital with Jupiter (the Jupiter trojans).  Came from the Asteroid belt.   Comet dust. Composition Nucleus- core structure Cometary nuclei are composed of an amalgamation of rock, dust, water ice, and frozen carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ammonia. Asteroids near the sun composed of carbon while the ones faraway composed of silicate rocks Iron and Nickel chondrites, composed of silicon materials Stony Iron Orbit Comets go around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit. Around the sun  travel around the Sun in a variety of orbits and at various speeds.

23. C omets We often call them ‘snowballs’. These cosmic snowballs of frozen gases, rock and dust are approximately the size of a small town. The gases and dust form an gigantic tail that stretches away from the sun for millions of kilometers. They can be short period comets (with orbital periods up to 200 years) and long-period comets with orbital period of over 200 years.

24. Famous comets that pass by the earth COMETS

25. It’s probably the most recognizable passing object in the sky. This short-period comet is one of the most famous short-term comets (it completes its orbit in less than 200 years). Halley’s most famous appearance occurred shortly before the 1066 invasion of England by  William the Conquerer . It is said that William felt the comet heralded his success. In any case, the comet was depicted on the  Bayeux Tapestry , a beautiful Romanesque art, which chronicles the invasion – in William’s honor. Halley’s Comet visits the inner solar system every 75-76 years. 1. Halley’s Comet Last flyby: 1986 Next flyby: 2061

26. It is one of the most spectacular naked eye comets in history and one of the most observable comets for several decades. It was discovered in 1995 by amateur astronomers Alan Hale in New Mexico and Thomas Bopp in Arizona. It was visible to the naked eye for a record 18 months, twice as long as the previous record holder, the Great Comet of 1811. This long-period comet will be visible with large telescopes until around 2020. It remains the largest comet ever observed. The advent of Hale Bopp led to a bizarre and tragic human event – 39 members of the Heaven’s Gate cult in San Diego, US, marked the arrival by committing suicide. 2. Hale-Bopp Last flyby: 1997 Next flyby: around 4385

27. Comet Lovejoy was one of the brightest and most active comets since comet Hale-Bopp in 1997. Lovejoy passed closest to the sun on January 30, 2015, when it was releasing water at the rateof 20 tons per second. The team observed the atmosphere of the comet around this time when it was brightest and most active. This long-period comet released large amounts of alcohol (the same type is used in alcoholic beverages) as well as a type of sugar into space, according to new observations by an international team. The finding strongly suggests that comets could have been a source of the complex organic molecules necessary for the emergence of life. In December of 2011, Comet Lovejoy (C/2011 W3) surprised astronomers by traveling through the Sun’s corona and survived an estimated 2,200,000° F (1,200,000° C)! 3. Lovejoy Last flyby: 2011 Next flyby: 2633

28. Parts of a comet As a comet approaches the sun, it warms up. During this warming, you can observe several distinct parts: nucleus coma hydrogen envelope dust tail ion tail

29. Parts of a comet The  nucleus  is the main, solid part of the comet. The nucleus is usually 1 to 10 kilometers in diameter, but can be as big as 100 kilometers. It can be composed of rock. The  coma  is a halo of evaporated gas (water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide) and dust that surrounds the nucleus. The coma is made as the comet warms up and is often 1,000 times larger than the nucleus. It can even become as big as Jupiter or Saturn (100,000 kilometers). The coma and nucleus together form the  head  of the comet. Surrounding the coma is an invisible layer of hydrogen called the  hydrogen envelope ; the hydrogen may come from water molecules. It usually has an irregular shape because it is distorted by the  solar wind . The hydrogen envelope gets bigger as the comet approaches the sun.

30. Parts of a comet The comet's  dust tail  always faces away from the sun. The tail is made of small (one micron) dust particles that have evaporated from the nucleus and are pushed away from the comet by the  pressure of sunlight . The dust tail is the easiest part of the comet to see because it  reflects  sunlight and because it is long, several million kilometers (several degrees of the sky). The dust tail is often curved because the comet is moving in its orbit at the same speed that the dust is moving away, much as water curves away from the nozzle of a moving hose. Comets often have a second tail called an  ion tail  (also called the  plasma  or  gas  tail). The ion tail is made of electrically charged gas molecules (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water) that are pushed away from the nucleus by the solar wind. Sometimes, the gas tail disappears and later reappears when the comet crosses a boundary where direction of the sun's magnetic field is reversed.

31. Comet Halley as it appeared in several images from the 1910 apparition. The comet's tail gets bigger as it gets closer to the sun and then decreases as it moves away from the sun. PHOTO COURTESY NASA/JPL Parts of a comet

32. Parts of a comet

33. Parts of a comet The comet's  dust tail  always faces away from the sun. The tail is made of small (one micron) dust particles that have evaporated from the nucleus and are pushed away from the comet by the  pressure of sunlight . The dust tail is the easiest part of the comet to see because it  reflects  sunlight and because it is long, several million kilometers (several degrees of the sky). The dust tail is often curved because the comet is moving in its orbit at the same speed that the dust is moving away, much as water curves away from the nozzle of a moving hose. Comets often have a second tail called an  ion tail  (also called the  plasma  or  gas  tail). The ion tail is made of electrically charged gas molecules (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water) that are pushed away from the nucleus by the solar wind. Sometimes, the gas tail disappears and later reappears when the comet crosses a boundary where direction of the sun's magnetic field is reversed.

34. Describe The Changes That Happens To A Fragment From A Comet Or Asteroid As It Enters The Earth’s Atmosphere

35. What’s the Difference Between a Meteoroid, a Meteor, and a Meteorite?

36. What’s the Difference Between a Meteoroid, a Meteor, and a Meteorite?

37. If a fragment of an asteroid is in space it is a meteoroid, if the meteoroid enters the earth's atmosphere it is called a meteor, if the meteor lands on earth it is called a meteorite.

38. It’s a cool night, and you look up at the stars twinkling and serene in the dark sky. Then a light streaks across the sky and is gone. “Wow, a shooting star,” you think. “A meteor. Wait...Or is it a meteorite? Or a meteoroid?”

39. What’s the Difference Between a Meteoroid, a Meteor, and a Meteorite? It is a  meteor . A meteor is the streak of light that you see in the sky when a small piece of  cometary   or  asteroidal  material enters the  atmosphere   at high speed and burns up because of the frictional heating from the piece’s collision with the  atoms  and  molecules   in the atmosphere.  Before the small bit of comet or asteroid enters   Earth ’s atmosphere, it floats through interplanetary space and is called a  meteoroid .

40. What’s the Difference Between a Meteoroid, a Meteor, and a Meteorite? Most meteoroids that enter the atmosphere burn up completely as meteors. In some cases, however, the meteoroid does not completely burn up , and the object actually makes it to Earth’s surface.  The chunk that has survived its fiery journey is called a  meteorite .  A small body starts its life as a meteoroid floating through space between the planets until it makes a bright streak of light in Earth’s atmosphere as a meteor and then, if it isn’t consumed by frictional heating, finally lands on the ground as a meteorite .

41. Meteoroid, meteor, and meteorite: How are they related ? Do superstitions about comets, asteroids, and meteors have scientific basis?

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