Gadaba tribe

This ppt. is about Gadaba Tribe of Odisha.This was made after visiting IGRMS as a part of our curriculum activities at IIFM,Bhopal.
Thanks to my Team mates..!!

1. GADABA TRIBAL Presented By : Abhishek Kumar-17051 Ankita Akodia-17056 Vikesh-17094 Gurjeet Singh Rana-17061 Jimmi Nery Tirkey-17064 Pratyush Kumar-17075

2. Introduction :- Gadaba is one of the prominent tribe of Orissa and Andhra pradesh . It is considered as one of the oldest,jovial and most colorful tribes in India. There are two main types of Gadabas :- Bodo Gadaba Sana Gadaba This tribe is mainly found in blocks of Lamatput , Semiliguda , Potangi and Nandapur district of Koraput district.

3. Origin :- There is no precise theory to prove the origin of Gadaba tribe in India but it is believed that they derive their community name Godavari (a river flowing through AP) or from goda (an Oriya word meaning brook) It is also believed that their ancestors emigrated from the banks of river of Godavari and settled in Nandapur (presently known as Koraput district in Orissa ) Another theory states that they migrated from Godavari valley to settle eventually in Gadabpada , a village in Lamatput block of Koraput , wherefrom they again migrated to different places of the district in search of land. 3

4. Classification 4

5. Language :- Bodo and sana gadaba have their own dialect called “ Gutab”or”Gutob ”. They also use local Odia language. The Bodo Gadabas still speak the tribes original Gutab language of the Munda language family. The Sana and Olaro / Ollar Gadabas converse in what they call the Olaro tongue of the Dravidian language family. Most Gadabas can also speak Desia , the Koraput tribal version of Oriya as well as Telugu. So,mostly Gadabas are trilingual or bilingual.

6. Population Distribution :- Total population of Gadaba tribe in India - 116,323 Orissa (62.74%) ,Andhra Pradesh (31.2), Chhattishgarh (5.43%) and Madhya Pradesh (0.81%) In Orissa Koraput (80.23 %), Malkanagiri ( 14.60%), Nabarangapur (03.44%) 6

7. Gutub :- Gadaba’s establish their village in the lap of nature always surrounded by green patches and stretches long on a hill side. Agriculture is the prime livelihood option for many Gadabas . Many jackfruit, mango trees, tamarind trees, banyan trees etc. in there village. Village headman (Nayak) settles the problems of villagers, passes his judgment for any conflicting situation 7

8. House 8 Gadaba’s establish their village in the lap of nature always surrounded by green patches and stretches long on a hill side. Agriculture is the prime livelihood option for many Gadabas . Many jackfruit, mango trees, tamarind trees, banyan trees etc. in there village. Village headman (Nayak) settles the problems of villagers, passes his judgment for any conflicting situation

9. Use very scanty clothes. Women wear long strip of clothes commonly called as ‘ kerang ’(prepared from kerang fibre ).Tie around the waist and second piece of clothes worn across the breast. Men use a small piece of loin clothes called “Lunguti”with a flap hangs dawn in front.use gamcha and lungi. Men and women tie their hair with linseed oil and decorate with forestry flowers and different ornaments. Appearance 9

10. Ornaments : 10 Wear number of ornaments made of brass and aluminum. Traditional peasants jewellery for its eloquent design. Even the poorest gadaba women wear ornaments. Gadaba male prefer wearing rings in their fingers,bracelets in their wrist and ear-rings ( guna ). Women uses different types of hair pins and wear ear rings ,nose rings and finger rings made with coins. hair clips ( khosa dang),big silver neck rings( khagla ),nose rings( dandi ),black necklace( Taitul ),Red necklace( Bandara ),Long necklace made up of Ghunghuru (Bid / ghagara )

11. Food :- The Gadabas depend on the forests for various food items like fruits, roots, stems,wild tubers, etc. But due to rapid deforestation, the availability of food items fromthe forest is now on the decline. Eat boiled rice ,curry and a glass of gruel( Pej ) made up of ragi flour. ‘ pej ’is the most famous food for all gadabas ,staple food made up of ragi locally called as mandia . They eat boiled rice along with different varieties of pulses ,currying chutney of tamarind, mango and other roots. During festival time they take non-veg food like fishes,chicken and mutton. Drinking of liquor ( pendam ) is considered as sacred. They regularly take liquor. 11

12. Dance and music :- 12 Gadabas are fond of dance and music. Inspite of grave poverty they try to retain their rich and unique heritage of dance and music ,forms an integral part of day to day life. Their dance is famously known as “ Dhemsa dance”(performed by women wearing famous kerang saree ). Musical instrument- Big drums,Tal mudi baja,madal,flutes,tamak and mahuri . They compose their own song befitting different occasions and sings these songs while singing.

13. 6.Sometime they form a ring by joining hands all round and with a long hop spring towards the center and they hop back to the full extent of theirs arms ,while at the same time keeping circling round and round . 7.They sing melodious songs either in Gutob or ollar language. 8.Their songs and dance bring integration among their in the field ,forest and village. 13 Contd.

14. Festivals and Gods 14 The festivals, ceremonies at home and in the Gadaba village are a regular event followed from generation. The important festivals are Gutor Parab , Bandapana Parab , Dasahara Parab , Pusha Parab , and Chaita Parab . Before 14/15 days of celebration of festivals, Gadabas under the leadership and guidance of headman ( Naik ),Priest ( Pujari ) and Astrologer ( Dissari ) decide the date of the festival so that all community members can make the necessary arrangements. they have the rituals related to land, man and God. They also performed rituals to liberate evil spirit (Dumas) of ancestor and seek their blessing and co-operation.

15. Contd. 15 The various operation of seeds, ceremonial germination of seeds of the village, ploughing , seed sowing, protection from diseases, harvesting, thrashing and new crop eating ceremonies, new fruit eating are important. They also believe in Palata Bagha phenomena where Gadabas think that some evil people due to their witchcraft can turn to tigers and kill and eat people and then change to original human form. To overcome this kind of evil sorcery they perform many rituals and animal sacrifices. Gadabas believe in many Gods and Goddesses. The chief among them is called Thakurani . They have their clan gods who are worshipped in different occasions. The place of the Thakurani is called Hundi . She is represented by slabs of stone and worshipped by Dishari

16. Marriage and Family 16 Gadabas marriage is always viewed as a sacred institution. The concept of Bride Price( Jala Dabu ) prevails in their community. They follow exogamous form of marriage and are not allowed to marry within the same clan ( Gotra ). They follow various forms of marriage like marriage by negotiation ( Ludiringnaie ), marriage by capture (Ann Ringnaie ), Marriage by service ( Samandhi Denka Ludki Nangien ) etc. Gadabas have nuclear family setup. After marriage a married Gadaba son is separated from his parents and inhabits in a separate nuclear family.

17. 17 Occupation:- Agriculture (61%)is the prime livelihood option for many Gadabas . Every Gadaba village is always surrounded by cultivated lands. Besides agriculture, they depend on wage labour (23.67%) as the next important source of their livelihood.

18. Findings and Learning 18

19. Contd. 19

20. Suggestions 20

21. THANK YOU 21