Gandhaka.pptx

Gandhaka - Sulphur

1. GANDHAKA (Sulphur) Dr.Saranya Sasi Assistant Professor PG Department of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka

2. INTRODUCTION Gandhaka is the first and most abundantly used drug among Uparasa which has no match among the drugs of Mercurial kingdom Gandhaka stands next to Pārada in the field of RS Gandhaka is being given prime importance in Rs because of its Rasayana properties and also for its Prativiṣa (antidote) property against Ashuddha-Paarada (Unpurified mercury). 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 2

3. Ancient classics mention the therapeutic use of Gandhaka in treating various disorders in different therapeutic dosage forms like Rasāyana , Druti , and Taila for both internal and external uses especially in skin diseases like Kaṇḍu , Visarpa and Dadru . It is indicated in all types of Kushta (skin diseases), Nadivrana (sinuses) and Koshtagata Roga (GIT disorders). It reduces and dries up the undigested food in GIT and so reduces the chance of poisoning. 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 3

4. VERNACULAR NAMES English- Brimstone / sulphur Sanskrit- Gandhaka Hindi- Gandhak Gujarati- Gandhak Marathi- Gandhak Kannada- Gandaga Malayalam- Gandagam Telagu – Gandhakmu Assami - Kibrit Bangali - Gandhak Punjabi – Gandhak Tamil- Kandagam , Kantakarm 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 4

5. HISTORY Use of Gandhaka in the treatment is found from the Saṁhitā period. Its detailed description is found in RS classics. Gandhaka was used in several diseases as a therapeutic agent. Later in 7th century A.D. Gandhaka was used extensively both in Dehavada and Lohavada 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 5

6. Gandhaka has been classified under Uparasa Varga by authors of Ayurveda prakasha , Rasa- ratna - samuccaya , Rasarnava , Rasendra sara sangraha , Resendra chudamani , Rasendra sambhava , Rasa hrudaya tantra, Rasopanishad etc. The author of rasarnava praises Gandhaka saying that there is no elephant ( Loha ) which can't be killed by tiger ( Gandhaka ). 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 6

7. Caraka Samhita: Dadru , kandu paama and vicharchika for external application for dusting. Susruta Samhita: Mahavajraka taila is given for all types of kushta Ashtanga Samgraha : Gandhaka is used in mustadi churna for treating dadru , kandu , paama & vicharchika 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 7

8. MYTHOLOGICAL ORIGIN 1 . According to Ayurveda prakasha when Devi Parvathi was playing near Ksheerabdhi , she menstruated. The Raja was very fragrant and beautiful. The cloth which was wet with Raja was then washed in the ocean. That Raja when mixed with the water converted into Gandhaka . 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 8

9. 2. When Deva and asura started churning of ocean at that time Gandhaka came out along with nector and that Gandhaka having characteristic smell pleased Deva and asura. Hence Deva’s gave the name Gandhaka to it. 3. During Samudra Manthana , churning with Vasuki Sarpa , it produced flame from its mouth, because of its hotness Vasa of Lord Bali melted in to the Samudra and that had smell was called as Gandhaka 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 9

10. ORIGIN & OCCURRENCE Sulphur occurs naturally near volcanoes In India, the deposits of Gandhaka are very much limited. The only known occurrence is that of Tsokar Lake, Leh district in Jammu and Kashmir. Native sulphur occurs naturally as massive deposits in Texas & Louisiana in USA Other leading producers of S are Canada, Japan, Poland & Soviet union 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 10

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17. ORES OF SULPHUR Copper & iron pyrite (Swarna makshika , Roupya makshika , Vimala) Copper sulphate ( sasyaka ) Ferrus sulphate ( Kaasisa ) Galena ( neelanjana ) Zinc sulphate ( yashada ) Antimony sulphide ( srotonjana ) Orpimant ( harataala ) Realgar ( manahshila ) Cinnabar ( hingula ) 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 17

18. SYNONYMS गन्धको गन्धपाषाण : गन्धि च रसगन्धक ​: । सुगन्धिको गन्धिकश्च गन्ध ​: सौगन्धिकस्तथा ॥ पूतिगन्धोऽतिगन्धश्च पामादि कीटनाशन ​: । बलिर्बलिवसाख्यश्च कुष्ठारि : शरभूमिज ​: ॥ शुल्बारिर्नवनीतश्च दैत्येन्द्रो गन्धमादन ​: । कीटघ्न ​: क्रूरगन्धश्च स एव परिकीर्तित ​: ॥​ (RT 8/1-3) 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 18

19. Mythology : Gorubeeja , baalarasa , baalivasavasaraka , daityendra , bali vasavat , vatasougandhika Occurrence : Shara bhumija Colour : peeta Gandhi, gandha peetaka Odouric Nature : Gandha , Gandhaka , Atigandha , Kruragandha , Sugandha, Gandhapashaana , Gandhapitaka , Gandhasama , Gandhika , Rasagandha , and Vigandha 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 19

20. Appearance : Navaneetaka On Simile : Shuka tunda , shuka piccha On Marana Property : Dhatuha , Shulvari On Pharmaco-Therapeutic Activity : Keetaghna , kushtaari , paamaari Anya : Vikruntaka , Lekhi 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 20

21. ETYMOLOGY OF SYNONYMS Various Synonyms of Gandhaka reveals its physical, chemical, therapeutic as well as its Mythological origin as: Atigandha : With Pungent Smell Bali : Balya in nature, King Bali had used it Baalivasa : Originated from fat of king Bali Daityendra : King Bali Gandhamaadana : Characteristic sharp odour Gandhaka : That which produces smell 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 21

22. Gandha Paashana : Hard like stone with distinct odour Gouri Pushpa : Originated from Devi Parvati Keethaghna : Anti microbial/Bactericidal Krooragandha : That which is having intolerable smell Leleetaka : Originated from fat of Leleehan Navaneeta : Smooth and soft like butter Paamaari : Enemy of paama Pooti Gandha : That which is having putrid smell 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 22

23. Rasagandha : That Uparasa , which is having smell Shulbari : Enemy of Tamra Sugandha : Having good Smell Sougandhika : That produces good smell Gandhamaadana : Characteristic sharp odour Shara Bhumija : Originated from Shara Bhumi ( Jangala ). 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 23

24. REVIEW OF GANDHAKA IN VARIOUS TEXTS In Charaka (Chi) - Use of Gandhaka with Amalakarasa and Madhu In Su . Chi - Gandhaka is one of the ingredients of Mahavajra taila Lepa yoga prepared out of Chakra taila along with Guggulu , Gandhaka etc. is to be applied over affected part & exposed to sunlight (AH) Explanation of Gandhak shodhana , its Matra & different Yoga is mentioned (RRS) 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 24

25. TYPES सा चापि त्रिविधो देवि ! शुकचञ्चुनिभो वर ​: । मध्यम ​: पीतवर्ण ​: श्याच्छुक्लवर्णोऽधम ​: स्मृत ​: ॥ चतुर्धा गन्धको ज्ञेयो वर्णेौ : श्वेतादिभि : खलु । श्वेतोऽत्र खटिका प्रोक्तो लेपने लोहमारणे । तथा चामलसार ​: स्याध्यो भवेत्पीतवर्णवान् । शूकपिच्छ ​: स एव स्याच्छेष्टो रसरसायने ॥ रक्तश्च शुकतुण्डाख्यो धातुवादविधौ वर ​: । दुर्लभ ​: कृष्णवर्णश्च स जरामृत्युनाशन ​: ॥ (RRS 3/12-15) 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 25

26. 1. RRS 3/12-15 (3 Types) Name Colour Quality Shukachanchunibham Peeta Varna Shweta varna Reddish Yellowish Pale white Shreshta Madhyama Adhama 2. As per market availability (2 Types) Name Utility Aamlasaara gandhaka Pinda gandhaka Internal use External use 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 26

27. 3. RRS 3/12-15 (5 Types) Name Colour Quality Rakta varna Peeta varna Shweta varna 4. Krishna varna Reddish Yellowish Pale white Blackish Dhatuvaadaartha Rasa – Rasaayanaartha Lepanaartha & lohamaarana Jaraamrtyuhara 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 27

28. GRAHYA SWAROOPA शुकपिच्छसमच्छायो नवनीतसमप्रभ : । मसृण : कठिन : स्निग्ध : श्रेष्ठो गन्धक उच्यते ॥ ( आयु.प्र 2/20) Gandhaka which is in the colour of parrot’s tail (green yellow), lustrous as butter, smooth, hard and oily in touch, is considered best for processing into medicines 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 28

29. SHODHANA NECESSITY अशुद्धगन्ध: कुरुते च कुष्ठं तापं भ्रमं पीतरुजं तथैव । रूपं सुखं वीर्यबलं निहन्ति तस्माद्विशुद्धो विनियोजनीय: ॥ ( Ayu.Pra 2/18) 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 29

30. Two types of impurities are seen in gandhaka - sila (stones) and visha (poison) (due to contact with earth and arsenics etc ). If ashuddha gandhaka is administered, it causes skin diseases, burning sensation, giddiness and pitta diseases. Hence the Shodhana is required before it is added into formulations 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 30

31. Swedana Method Dhalana & Vastra Galana Method Kurma Puta Method Bhavana Method Taila Pachana and Nikshepana Vidhi Damaru Yantra Vidhi SHODHANA METHODS 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 31

32. SHODHANA पय: स्विन्नो घटीमत्रं वारिधौतो हि गन्धक: । गव्याज्यविद्रुतो वस्त्राद् शुद्धिमृच्छाति ॥ R.R.S 3/20 गन्धको द्रावितो भृङ्गरसे क्षिप्तो विशुध्यति । तद्रस: सप्तधा स्विन्नो गन्धक: परिशुध्यति ॥ R.R.S 3/23 METHOD -DHALANA & VASTRA GALANA METHOD 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 32

33. Godhugdha is filled in a vessel and the opening of the vessel is covered with a cloth tightly at neck. Gandhaka is taken in an iron spoon, added with Goghrita and heated to liquify it. The melted gandhaka is poured into the godhugdha / Bhringaraja swarasa through cloth. Later gandhaka is taken out and washed with hot water. By this method chemical and physical impurities are removed. 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 33

34. गन्धाश्मातिरसायन: सुमधुर: पाके कटूष्णो मत: । कण्डूकुष्ठविसर्पदद्रुदलनो दीप्तानल: पाचन:॥ आमोन्मिचनशोषणो विषहर: सूतेन्द्रवीर्यप्रद । गौरीपुष्पभवस्तथा कृमिहर: सत्वात्मक: सूतजित् ॥ R.R.S 3/16 GUNA 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 34

35. Rasa : Madhura Virya : Ushna Vipaka : Katu Doshagnatha : Kandu , Kushtha , Visarpa , Dadru Karma : Deepana , Pachana , Aama pachana , Krimihara 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 35

36. 1 – 8 रत्ति MATRA 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 36

37. TOXICITY & ANTIDOTE विकारो यदि जायेत गन्धकाच्चेत्तदा पिबेत् । गॊघृतेनान्वितं क्षीरं सुखि स्यात् स च मानुष: ॥ Br.R.Ra.Su 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 37

38. जाङ्गलानि तु मांसानि छागलानि प्रयोजयेत् । ( Ayu.Pra 2/49) Meat of - dry land animals, birds and goat should be taken क्षाराम्लतैलसौवीरविदाहिद्वितलं तथा । शुद्धगन्धकसेवायां त्याज्यं योगयुतेन हि ॥ ( R.R.S 3/36) Kshara amla rasa, taila , souvira (kanji), vidahi ahara and dwidhala ahara PATHYA APATHYA 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 38

39. COMPOUND FORMULATIONS रसपर्पटि रससिन्दूर गन्धक रसायन गन्धकाध्य मलहर 7/30/2022 Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum 39