GAP AND GHP

Good Agricultural Practices And Good Harvesting Practices

1. "CONCEPT OF GAPs & GHPs FOR MEDICINAL PLANTS"  ROLL NO.30

2. Introduction of GAPs & GHPs  Interest in traditional systems of medicine and, in particular, herbal medicines, has increased substantially in both developed and developing countries over the past two decades.  Global and national markets for medicinal herbs have been growing rapidly, and significant economic gains are being realized.   According to the department of Convention on Biological Diversity, global sales of herbal products totaled an estimated US$ 60 000 million in 2000.

3. Objectives of GAPs & GHPs The main objectives of these guidelines are to: Contribute to the quality assurance of medicinal plant materials used as the source for herbal medicines. Guide the formulation of national or regional GAPs and GHPs guidelines and monographs for medicinal plants and related standard operating procedures. Encourage and support the sustainable cultivation of medicinal plants of good quality in ways that respect and support the conservation of medicinal plants and the environment in general.

4. What are GAPs & GHPs? Good Agricultural Practices  (GAPs) and   Good Harvesting   Practices (GHPs) are voluntary audits that verify that medicinal plants are cultivated , harvested, handled, stored , processed and packed as safely as possible to minimize the risks of microbial safety hazards.

5. Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for Medicinal Plants Selection of medicinal plants Botanical identity Seeds and other propagation materials Cultivation  Site selection PRINCIPLES

6. Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for Medicinal Plants 6.  Ecological impact 7.  Climate 8.  Soil 9.  Irrigation and drainage 10.Plant maintenance and protection PRINCIPLES

7. Good Harvesting Practices (GHP) for Medicinal Plants Medicinal plants should be harvested during the optimal season or time period to ensure the production of medicinal plant. The time of harvest depends on the plant part to be used. Detailed information concerning the appropriate timing of harvest is often available in national pharmacopoeias, published standards, official monographs and major reference books. Harvesting

8. Good Harvesting Practices (GHP) for Medicinal Plants During harvest, care should be taken to ensure that no foreign matter, weeds or toxic plants are mixed with the harvested medicinal plant materials. Medicinal plants should be harvested under the best possible conditions. Cutting devices, harvesters, and other machines should be kept clean. All containers used at harvest should be kept clean and free from contamination.  Harvesting

9. Good Harvesting Practices (GHP) for Medicinal Plants Growers and producers should have adequate knowledge of the medicinal plant concerned. All personnel (including field workers) involved in the propagation, cultivation, harvest and post-harvest processing stages. Only properly trained personnel, wearing appropriate protective clothing  should apply agrochemicals. Growers and producers should receive instruction on all issues relevant to the protection of the environment and conservation of medicinal plant .   Personnel  P

10. Good Agricultural Practice (GAPs)& Good Harvesting Practice (GHPs) Do's Get soil sample tested. Select land having access to clean and reliable source of water. Nourish the soil with plenty of decomposed organic matter. Dont's Do not grow medicinal plants in contaminated soil. Do not allow people to defecate in medicinal plant field. Do not use compost made from city waste and human excreta.   Site selection & Land preparation

11. Good Agricultural Practice (GAPs)& Good Harvesting Practice (GHPs) Do's Use only quality seeds for planting Sow seeds or transplant seedings at right season /time of year Maintain proper spacing between plants and rows Dont's Do not  use poor quality materials Do not grow medicinal plants neighbouring to fields of where chemical pesticides being sprayed  Sowing/ Planting

12. Good Agricultural Practice (GAPs)& Good Harvesting Practice (GHPs) Do's Use much/straw to maintain moisture in the soil Uproot weeds in time Take guidance from expert for pest management Dont's Do not irrigate the plants too little or too much Do not allow weeds to mature and produce seeds Avoid using chemical pesticides Cultural Practice

13. Good Agricultural Practice (GAPs)& Good Harvesting Practice (GHPs) Do's Use proper & clean   container for storage Harvest material at right   stage Harvest in dry weather Keep freshly harvested material in shade Dont's Do not harvest weeds along with the medicinal plants Do not use recycled bags Do not place harvested material on ground Do not harvest herbs in rains or early in the morning during dew Harvesting

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20. References https://www.fourelementsherbals.com/about-us http://www.herbal-ahp.org http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4928e https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/auditing/gap-ghp http://www.herbal-ahp.org http://ayush.gov.in/ http://apps.who.in

21. Acknowledgement I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to teachers  ( Dr.  Naomita Dhume , Ms. Palvi Kamat , Ms. Ketaki Dalal and Ms. Maria Nadar ) who gave me this wonderful project on the topic of ( Concept of GAPs and GHPs for medicinal plants) , which also helped me to understand a lot and came to know many new things I am really thankful to them.

22. Thank you..