Gas Gangrene.pptx

Gas Gangrene.pptx

1. GAS GANGRENE PRESENTED BY : V.RAMYA, TUTOR.

2. GAS GANGRENE

3. Gas Gangrene Gas gangrene is a fast-spreading and potentially life-threatening form of gangrene caused by bacteria called Clostridium perfringens . In some cases, it can be caused by group A Streptococcus and is also known as clostridial myonecrosis . The infection causes toxins to release gas, which leads to tissue death. It can occur anywhere on the body, but is most common on the arms or legs. Gas gangrene is treated as a medical emergency. If it is not treated quickly, it can lead to death within 48 hours GAS GANGRENE

4. Etiology Generally , gas gangrene occurs at a recent injury or Surgical site. It comes on suddenly and spreads quickly. There are certain types of injuries that have a higher risk of causing gas gangrene , which are as following : Muscle injury Crushed tissues Deep wounds Wounds contaminated with stool or dirt

5. Etiology A person is at an increased risk for developing this condition i f he/she has: Diabetes Frostbite . Colon cancer Open blood vessel disease Fractures

6. Pathophysiology Recent injury/wound/surgery/frostbite/fracture Invasion of the body by bacteria Bacterial growth and multiplication Formation of gas and toxins Damage of body tissues, cells, and blood vessels

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Signs and symptoms of gas gangrene include: Air under the skin Swelling and pain Pale skin that turns gray , brownish-red, or black Blisters with foul-smelling discharge A crackly sensation when the affected area of the skin is touched Fever and perspiration

8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Anxiety Tachycardia Jaundice Nausea and vomiting B ecause of the rapid spread of the disease, obvious changes in the skin of the affected area can be seen within just a few minutes. Delaying treatment can lead to shock, kidney failure, and coma. Death can Occur within 48 hours of onset.

9. diagnosIS A physical examination can be done to diagnose this condition. The other diagnostic tests may include : Blood, fluid, and tissue cultures to test for the presence of Clostridium perfringens and other bacteria Imaging tests, such as an MRI, CT scan, or X-ray, to check for the presence of gas in the tissues

10. Medical Management Management of the gas gangrene must begin as soon as possible. For advanced cases, it may be necessary to begin treatment before results of the tests come. Debridement of the dead or infected tissue must be done and high doses of antibiotics are administered.

11. Medical Management In severe cases of gas gangrene, amputation of a limb or extremity may be performed to prevent the spread of infection to the rest of the body. The other treatment modalities include the use of hyperbaric Oxygen to increase the amount of oxygen in the blood. This therapy is useful for the infected wounds to heal faster.

12. Nursing Management Educate the patient to mobilize as mobilization improves blood circulation. Teach about the factors that can help in increasing the blood flow such as elevating the legs slightly lower than the heart, avoiding using the tight bandage, and avoiding using a pillow behind the knees; it will also prevent edema.

13. Nursing Management Advise the patient to avoid high-cholesterol diet, avoid drug causing vasoconstriction, and stop smoking, and bus teach relaxation techniques. The nurse must work in cooperation with other health ah teams to provide effective treatment such as providing Vasodilators, regular blood sugar checks, and oxygen therapy.

14. Prevention In case of injury, clean the skin thoroughly. The signs of infection include redness, swelling, pain, and discharge. Removal of any foreign objects and dead tissue from the wound must be done . Routine administration of antibiotics before and after surgery helps in lowering the risk of developing an infection.

15. References Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical- Surgical Nursing ,South Asian Edition , Volume II , Published by Wolters Kluwer . Page reffered to 1530- 1531. https:// www.slideshare.net/OmVerma6/gas-gangrene-237483691 https:// www.healthline.com/health/gas-gangrene https://healthlibrary.askapollo.com/gas-gangrene-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention /