Gas sensor Presentation to PVE eeeeeeeeeeee

Gas Detection Device

1. Gasensor – Introduction & Training

2. Company Overview A Singapore high-tech, professionally managed manufacturing company established in 2013 that is committed to the continuous research and development of gas detectors and fire detection system of environmental safety monitoring products, with rich experience in the applications of fire and gas monitoring products to protect people's lives, health and assets. 71, Ubi Crescent #05-06 Excalibur Centre, Singapore 100% privately owned and operated Representation in Asia Pacific, USA, EU, ME and African region 20 Full Time Employees (30-part timers as consultants and production personnel) ISO 9001, ATEX, IECEx, FM, SIL 2, CCCF, NEPSI, PESO approvals

3. Our Customers

4. Manufactured Products Fire and Gas System Combustible Gas Detector - Catalytic Bead Combustible Gas Detector - Infra Red Toxic Gas Detector - Electrochemical Cell Toxic Gas Detector - Photoionization Flame Detector - Multi-spectrum Infra Red (HC, HC + H2) Combustible % LEL Protection Toxic PPM Protection Flame Protection

5. Product Overview

6. Feature Benefit Scrolling LED Display Easy English language interface Magnetic Menu Keys Non-intrusive, avoids costly tools Multi Interface Analog 4-20 mA RS485 Modbus HART Alarm Relays Great flexibility and future scalability Opto isolated, Industry standard Low installation cost, multi-drop Meets HART interface standards Local alarm activation Indicating LEDs Indicate Fault, Normal, Warning, Alarm conditions individually Range 0-100% LEL Calibration Interval 3 months on Catalytic bead, 1 year on Infra-Red sensor, low maintenance cost Approvals ATEX, IECEx, PESO, SIL 2, CE Mark Eexd IIC T6 IP66 GT-CT8900 Ultra IR800 Combustible Gas Detector

7. Feature Benefit Scrolling LED Display Easy English language interface Magnetic Menu Keys Non-intrusive, avoids costly tools Multi Interface Analog 4-20 mA RS485 Modbus HART Alarm Relays Great flexibility and future scalability Opto isolated, Industry standard Low installation cost, multi-drop Meets HART interface standards Local alarm activation Indicating LEDs Indicate Fault, Normal, Warning, Alarm conditions individually Range 0-2000/ 5,000/ 20,000/ 50,000 ppm Calibration Interval One-year, low maintenance cost Approvals ATEX, IECEx, CE Mark Eexd IIC T6 IP66 Ultra IR800 CO2 Gas Detector

8. Feature Benefit Scrolling LED Display Easy English language interface Magnetic Menu Keys Non-intrusive, avoids costly tools Multi Interface Analog 4-20 mA RS485 Modbus HART Alarm Relays Great flexibility and future scalability Opto isolated, Industry standard Low installation cost, multi-drop Meets HART interface standards Local alarm activation Built in Isolated Safety Barrier Allows hot swapping, ease of maintenance Wide Sensing Gas O2, O3, CO, H2S, CL2, SO2, NO, NO2, NH3, CLO2, C2H3CL, HCL, HCN, HF, H2, F2, SiH4, CH3OH Calibration Interval 3 months, low maintenance cost Approvals ATEX, IECEx, PESO, NEPSI, CPA, SIL 2, CE Mark Eexd IIC T6 IP66 GQ-CE8900 Toxic Gas Detector

9. Feature Benefit OLED Display Easy English language interface Magnetic Menu Keys Non-intrusive, avoids costly tools Multi Interface Analog 4-20mA RS485 Modbus Alarm Relays Great flexibility and future scalability Opto isolated, Industry standard Low installation cost, multi-drop Local alarm activation Gas Sampling Built-in high-performance diaphragm pump, Fast Response T90 < 30 seconds Auto-zeroing, calibration Uncompromised accuracy Auto Self Cleaning Improve operation performance without interruptive maintenance Built-in temperature and humidity sensors Ensures accurate readings even in humid environment and real time compensation Approvals ATEX, IECEx, CE Mark Exd IIC T6 IP66 Ultra PI800 Toxic VOC Gas Detector

10. Feature Benefit Application Detects Hydrocarbon Fires. Field of View 90 Degrees Multi Interface Analog 4-20 mA Dual Modbus HART Alarm Relays Great flexibility and future scalability Opto isolated, Industry standard Reliable, Low installation cost, multi-drop Meets HART interface standards Local alarm activation False Alarm Immunity Highest, minimize costly shutdowns & false trips, Unique Extra Low Sensitivity Setting for Hot Background (high Radiation) environment Long Sensitivity Range 1 sq ft N- Heptane from 65M in 5 seconds Approvals ATEX, IECEx, FM, PESO, SIL 2, CE Mark Performance : EN54-10, FM3260 Ex proof : Class 1 Division 1, Grp B,C,D or Exd IIC T6, IP67 Ultra FL800 Multi-Spectrum Flame Detector

11. Feature Benefit Application Detects Hydrocarbon + H2 Fires. Field of View 100 Degree Horizontal, 90 Degree Vertical Multi Interface Analog 4-20 mA Dual Modbus HART Alarm Relays Great flexibility and future scalability Opto isolated, Industry standard Reliable, Low installation cost, multi-drop Meets HART interface standards Local alarm activation False Alarm Immunity High false alarm immunity Long Sensitivity Range 1 sq ft N-Heptane from 65M Hydrogen – 25M Approvals ATEX, IECEx, SIL 2, CE Mark Ex proof : Exd IIC T6, IP67 Ultra FL800 MultiSpectrum Quad IR Flame Detector

12. Coal Fired Power Plant – Capabilities System Solution Capabilities in Singapore

13. Complete Fire & Gas Solutions

14. Highlighted Project References

15. Project Reference: Mataburi Coal Power Plant Country: Asia (Bangladesh) Location: Maheshkhali End User: Coal Power Generation Company Bangladesh EPC Contractor: IHI Japan / JEL Singapore Date of completion: Year 2022 Bill of material 10 x Coal Silo CH4 & CO Gas sampling system 10 x Pulverizer CO Gas sampling system 02 x Controller

16. Project Reference: Sylhet Gas Field – Catalytic Reforming Unit Country: Asia (Bangladesh) Location: Sylhet End User: Sylhet Gas Fields Limited EPC Contractor: PT Istana Karang Laut Date of completion: Year 2020 Bill of material 14 x Infrared Gas Detector 02 x Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Detector 01 x Hydrogen Gas Detector 22 x Multi-spectrum Flame Detector 01 LOT x Alarm Devices

17. Project Reference: Partex Condensate Refinery Country: Asia (Bangladesh) Location: Chattogram End User: Partex Petro Ltd EPC Contractor: PT Istana Karang Laut Date of completion: Year 2019 Bill of material 23 x Infrared Gas Detector 02 x Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Detector 12 x Hydrogen Gas Detector 29 x Multi-spectrum Flame Detector

18. Country: Europe (Azerbaijan) Location: Galmaz and Garadagh End User: SOCAR Date of completion: Year 2021 Bill of material 25 x LEL Gas Detector 20 x Flame Detector 10 x Horn 10 x Sounder 12 x Manual Call Point Project Reference: Gas Conditioning Units at Galmaz and Garadagh

19. Project Reference: Majnoon Sour Gas Treatment Facility Project Country: Middle East (Iraq) Location: Basra End User: BOC ( Basra Oil Company) EPC Contractor: CPECC Middle East Date of delivery: Year 2022 Bill of material 149 x Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Detector 02 x Hydrogen Gas Detector 57 x Multi-spectrum Flame Detector 01 LOT x Alarm Devices

20. Country: Asia (Singapore) Location: Singapore End User: Air Liquide Date of completion: Year 2020 Bill of material 22 x LEL Gas Detector 15 x CO Gas Detector 20 x Hydrogen Gas Detector 28 x Multi-spectrum Flame Detector 1 LOT x Alarm Devices Project Reference: Air Liquide J12 – Steam Methane Reforming

21. Country: Asia (Singapore) Location: Singapore End User: Vopak Banyan Terminal Date of completion: Year 2021 - 2022 Bill of material 20 x LEL Gas Detector 07 x O2 Gas Detector 04 x NH3 Gas Detector Project Reference: Vopak Terminal

22. Country: Asia (Taiwan) Location: Kaohsiung End User: TSRC (Taiwan Synthetic Rubber) Date of completion: Year 2021 Bill of material 10 x LEL Gas Detector 25 x Butadiene Gas Detector 02 x Styrene Gas Detector 16 x Ammonia Gas Detector 02 x Benzene Gas Detector 1 LOT Local Alarm Buzzer Project Reference: Taiwan Synthetic Rubber Plant

23. Country: Asia (Thailand) Location: Rayong End User: IRPC (PTT Grou p) Date of completion: Year 2019 to 2022 Bill of material 90 x LEL Gas Detector 10 x HCL Gas Detector 04 x CL2 Gas Detector 10 x NH3 Gas Detector 12 x H2S Gas Detector Project Reference: IRPC Plant Projects No. Project Name Year 1 Polypropylene Plant 2019 2 Polypropylene Carbonate Plant 2019 3 HDPE Plant 2020 4 Water Treatment Plant 2019 5 Power Plant 2019 No. Project Name Year 6 Lube Base Plant 2019 7 UHV Plant 2020 8 Ethylene Plant 2020 9 EBSM Plant 2021 10 LDPE Plant 2021

24. Country: Asia (India) Location: Offshore End User: Petronas Exploration Date of completion: Year 2017 to 2022 Bill of material 50 x Flame Detector 02 x Test Lamp Project Reference: Mahanagar Gas CNG Station

25. Country: Asia ( Vietam ) Location: Vung Tau End User: VSP ( Vietsovpetro ) Date of completion: Year 2018 to 2022 Bill of material 240 x Infrared LEL Gas Detector 25 x Hydrogen Gas Detector 164 x Multi-spectrum Flame Detector 1 LOT x Alarm Devices Project Reference: Vietsovpetro Projects No. Project Name Year 1 Ca Tam 1 Well Head Platform 2018 2 MKS Gas Compression 2018 3 RP3 Platform, Dragon Oil 2019 4 BK-9 Well Head Platform 2019 5 CPP 2 Platform 2020 6 BK-19 Well Head Platform 2021 7 BK-20 Well Head Platform 2019 8 BK-21 Well Head Platform 2019 9 MSP 5 2020 10 RC-RB1 2021

26. Gas Detection

27. Combustible Gases Explosion or fire hazard Must maintain concentration below lower explosive limit (LEL) Toxic Gases Hazardous to human health and safety Employee exposure must be limited Oxygen Displacing Gases Indirect human health hazard Deficiency of breathing Oxygen Gas Detection – Hazardous Gases

28. Combustion Requires Fuel Source Oxygen or Air Ignition Source Gas Detection – Combustible Gases

29. Too Rich for Combustion Will Support Combustion Too Lean for Combustion Upper Explosive Limit U.E.L. Lower Explosive Limit 100 % L.E.L. 100% 0% CONCENTRATION (% Volume Gas in Air)) 100% LEL Methane = 5% by volume 5% 15% Gas Detection – Combustible Gases

30. Possible Ignition Sources Static Electricity Discharge Open Flames Hot Surfaces Mechanical Friction Electrical Arc or Spark Two Way Radio Transmitter Tools and Test Equipment Gas Detection – Combustible Gases

31. Hazard to Human Health and Life Safety PPM = Parts Per Million 1% by volume = 10,000 ppm 1 ppm = .0001% by volume Gas Detection – Toxic Gases

32. Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) Time Weighted Average (TWA) Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) Immediate Danger to Life and Health (IDLH) Relative Gas Density RGasD Air = 1.0 Lighter than air, Below 1.0 Heavier than air, Above 1.0 Gas Detection – Toxic Gases

33. Conc. of H 2 S in Air Toxic Symptoms 1 ppm Odor detected, irritation of respiratory tract 10 ppm Allowable for 8 hours exposure (OSHA) 20 ppm Protective equipment is necessary 100 ppm Smell killed in 5 to 15 minutes. May burn eyes and throat; coughing 500 ppm Respiratory disturbances in 2 to 15 minutes. Coughing, collapse & unconsciousness 1,000 ppm Immediate unconsciousness. Brain damage may result unless rescued promptly. Death in 3 to 5 minutes. Gas Detection – Hydrogen Sulphide Hazard

34. OSHA General Industrial Safety Order for Hydrogen Sulfide Permissible Exposure Limit (Max. 8 hr. TWA) = 10 ppm Short Term Excursion Limit (STEL) = 15 ppm for 10 min/8 hrs IDLH = 100 ppm RGasD = 1.19 Gas Detection – Hydrogen Sulphide Hazard

35. Conc. of CO in Air Toxic Symptoms 100 ppm Fatigue and feeling of being tired 400 ppm Headache within 1-2 hrs., widespread in 2.5 - 3.5 hrs. 500 ppm Dizziness, nausea, convulsions within 45 min. 1,600 ppm Headache, dizziness, nausea within 20 min. Death in 2 hours. 3,200 ppm Headache, nausea within 5-10 min. Death within 30 min. 6,400 ppm Headache, dizziness within 1-2 min. Death within 10-15 min. 12,800 ppm Death within 1-3 minutes. Gas Detection – Carbon Monoxide Hazard

36. OSHA General Industrial Safety Order for Carbon Monoxide Permissible Exposure Limit (Max. 8 hr. TWA) = 50 ppm Short Term Excursion Limit (STEL) = 200 ppm for 15 min/8 hrs IDLH = 1200 ppm RGasD = 0.97 Gas Detection – Carbon Monoxide Hazard

37. Conc. of Cl 2 in Air Toxic Symptoms 0.1 ppm Minimum concentration detectable by odor 3 ppm Difficulty breathing eye and throat irritation 10 ppm Causes serious throat irritation, smarting of eyes 30 ppm Coughing, more severe throat irritation, general feeling of discomfort in the chest 40 ppm Respiratory reflexes, coughing, burning of eyes, nausea, vomiting. Possible death within 30 minutes 100 ppm Death within a few breaths Uses: Water purification, sanitation of industrial wastes, swimming pools, bleaching of pulp and textiles, manufacture of various chemical compounds Gas Detection – Chlorine Hazard

38. OSHA General Industrial Safety Order for Chlorine Permissible Exposure Limit (Max. 8 hr. TWA) = 0.5 ppm Short Term Excursion Limit (STEL) =1 ppm for 15 min/8 hrs IDLH = 10 ppm RGasD = 2.47 Gas Detection – Chlorine Hazard

39. Conc. of NH 3 in Air Toxic Symptoms 2 ppm First perceptible odor 40 ppm Slight eye and throat irritation 100 ppm Acute Irritation of eyes and nasal passages 400 ppm Severe irritation of throat, nose, upper respiratory tract 700 ppm Severe eye irritation 1700 ppm Serious coughing, bronchial spasms, death within 30 min. 5000 ppm Serious edema, strangulation, asphyxia, death immediate Uses: Refrigerant gas, used in soil fertilization, ammoniate fertilizers. Used in metal treating and for extraction of metals from ores. Used as a neutralizing agent of acids in oil and in the manufacture of various chemical compounds. Also used to purify municipal water supplies. Gas Detection – Ammonia Hazard Gas Detection – Ammonia Hazard

40. OSHA General Industrial Safety Order for Ammonia Permissible Exposure Limit (Max. 8 hr. TWA) = 25 ppm Short Term Excursion Limit (STEL) = 35 ppm for 15 min/8 hrs IDLH = 300 ppm RGasD = 0.60 Gas Detection – Ammonia Hazard

41. Oxygen Content Symptoms Developed 20.9% Normal Oxygen concentration in air 15 - 19% Decreased ability to work strenuously. May impair coordination 12 - 14% Respiration increases in exertion, pulse up, impaired coordination, perception & judgment 8 - 10% Mental failure, fainting, unconsciousness, blueness of lips, nausea & vomiting 6 - 8% 8 minutes, 100% fatal; 6 minutes, 50% fatal, 4 - 5 minutes, recovery with treatment 4 - 6% Coma in 40 seconds, convulsions, respiration ceases, death Gas Detection – Oxygen Deficiency Hazard

42. Industry Guidelines for Oxygen Deficiency Breathing gear required below 19.5% and above 23.5% Oxygen content in air Confined Space permit procedures may need be followed in some areas Gas Detection – Oxygen Deficiency Hazard

43. Sensor Selection Technology Catalytic Bead Infrared Electrochemical PID

44. Two alumina beads surrounded by platinum wire Bead 1 passivated Bead 2 catalyzed to react Catalyzed bead heats up with combustible gas, increasing output of Wheatstone bridge signal Catalytic Bead – Principle of Operation

45. Combustible gases absorb IR light energy at defined wavelengths Higher concentration results in greater absorbance Detector measures energy from the IR light and compares to the energy emitted by source Difference in energy received indicates level of gas concentration Detects Hydrocarbons but not Hydrogen Accurate & stable Calibration interval : 1 Year Low maintenance, Long Life Immune to catalytic bead poisons Range: 0-100% LEL Operates in high combustible gas and/or low oxygen environment Rapid recovery after exposure to 100% concentrations of hydrocarbon gas Infrared – Principle of Operation

46. Current Generating Electrolytic Reaction High sensitivity for PPM levels of Toxic Gas Specificity to Gas of Interest Percent Volume for Oxygen Measurement Electrochemical Cell – Principle of Operation

47. Counter Electrode Sensing Electrode (with catalysts) Gaseous Diffusion Barrier Electrolyte Reservoir Gas Permeable Membrane Gas Enters Through Permeable Membrane O-Ring Seal Reference Electrode 4-20mA Loop Power GQ-CE8900 Control Electronics Electrochemical Cell – Principle of Operation

48. The PID sensor mainly consists of ultraviolet light source and ionization chamber The positive and negative electrodes are formed in the ionization chamber Organic volatile gas molecules produce positive and negative ions under the excitation of high energy ultraviolet light source These ions produce ion currents under the action of the electric field, resulting in a positive and negative electrode current After the current is amplified, the concentration of ppm is calculated. Photo-ionisation (PID) – Principle of Operation

49. Use engineering judgement Consider: Probability of gas leak Quantity of gas that could leak Environmental conditions Dilution rates and convection currents Density of gas Interfering gases Gas Detection Sensor Placement

50. Place sensors close to possible gas source Place sensors in areas where gas might accumulate Place toxic gas and oxygen deficiency sensors in the “breathing zone” Consider accessibility and maintenance issues Gas Detection Sensor Placement

51. Major Gas Leakage Location Flanges Valves Orifice Plate Pipeline (cracked) Flammable Liquid Spill Pipeline (sharp bend) Joint Connection Ventilation for confined space

52. Ammonia Lighter Butane Heavier Carbon Dioxide Heavier Carbon Monoxide Slightly Lighter Methane Lighter Chlorine Heavier Ethane Slightly Heavier Ethylene Slightly Lighter Heptane Heavier Hydrogen Lighter Gas Weight in Relation to Air Hydrogen Chloride Heavier Hydrogen Cyanide Lighter Hydrogen Sulfide Heavier Methyl Alcohol Heavier Nitric Oxide Slightly Heavier Nitrogen Dioxide Heavier Pentane Heavier Propane Heavier Sulfur Dioxide Heavier Toluene Heavier

53. Gas Detectors are Proactive Respond to event before it becomes a life hazard or fire Ventilate area to remove unwanted gas Proactive Gas Detection

54. Feature Benefit Scrolling LED Display Easy English language interface Magnetic Menu Keys Non-intrusive, avoids costly tools Multi Interface Analog 4-20 mA RS485 Modbus HART Alarm Relays Great flexibility and future scalability Opto isolated, Industry standard Low installation cost, multi-drop Meets HART interface standards Local alarm activation Indicating LEDs Indicate Fault, Normal, Warning, Alarm conditions individually Range 0-100% LEL Calibration Interval 3 months on Catalytic bead, 1 year on Infra-Red sensor, low maintenance cost Approvals ATEX, IECEx, PESO, SIL 2, CE Mark Eexd IIC T6 IP66 GT-CT8900 Ultra IR800 Combustible Gas Detector

55. Feature Benefit Scrolling LED Display Easy English language interface Magnetic Menu Keys Non-intrusive, avoids costly tools Multi Interface Analog 4-20 mA RS485 Modbus HART Alarm Relays Great flexibility and future scalability Opto isolated, Industry standard Low installation cost, multi-drop Meets HART interface standards Local alarm activation Indicating LEDs Indicate Fault, Normal, Warning, Alarm conditions individually Range 0-2000/ 5,000/ 20,000/ 50,000 ppm Calibration Interval One-year, low maintenance cost Approvals ATEX, IECEx, CE Mark Eexd IIC T6 IP66 Ultra IR800 CO2 Gas Detector

56. Feature Benefit Scrolling LED Display Easy English language interface Magnetic Menu Keys Non-intrusive, avoids costly tools Multi Interface Analog 4-20 mA RS485 Modbus HART Alarm Relays Great flexibility and future scalability Opto isolated, Industry standard Low installation cost, multi-drop Meets HART interface standards Local alarm activation Built in Isolated Safety Barrier Allows hot swapping, ease of maintenance Wide Sensing Gas O2, O3, CO, H2S, CL2, SO2, NO, NO2, NH3, CLO2, C2H3CL, HCL, HCN, HF, H2, F2, SiH4, CH3OH Calibration Interval 3 months, low maintenance cost Approvals ATEX, IECEx, PESO, NEPSI, CPA, SIL 2, CE Mark Eexd IIC T6 IP66 GQ-CE8900 Toxic Gas Detector

57. Index Gas Type Technology Range 1 Range 2 Range 3 Range 4 Range 5 Range 6 1 Acrolein Electrochemical Cell 2 ppm 5 ppm         2 Acrylonitrile Electrochemical Cell 50 ppm 100 ppm         3 Ammonia Electrochemical Cell 50 ppm 100 ppm 500 ppm       4 Butadiene Electrochemical Cell 100 ppm           5 Carbon Monoxide Electrochemical Cell 100 ppm 200 ppm 500 ppm       6 Chlorine Electrochemical Cell 5 ppm 10 ppm 20 ppm       7 Chlorine Dioxide Electrochemical Cell 1 ppm           8 Chloroethylene Electrochemical Cell 20 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 500 ppm     9 Dimethylbenzene Electrochemical Cell 100 ppm           10 Epoxypropane Electrochemical Cell 20 ppm           11 Ethylene Oxide Electrochemical Cell 10 ppm 20 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm     12 Fluorine Electrochemical Cell 1 ppm           13 Formaldehyde Electrochemical Cell 10 ppm 20 ppm 50 ppm       14 Hydrocyanic Acid Electrochemical Cell 20 ppm 30 ppm         15 Hydrogen Electrochemical Cell 100 ppm 1000 ppm 2000 ppm 5000 ppm 1% 4% 16 Hydrogen Chloride Electrochemical Cell 20 ppm 30 ppm         17 Hydrogen Fluoride Electrochemical Cell 10 ppm           18 Hydrogen Sulfide Electrochemical Cell 20 ppm 50 ppm 30 ppm 100 ppm 1000 ppm   19 Methanal Electrochemical Cell 10 ppm 20 ppm 50 ppm       20 Methanol Electrochemical Cell 50 ppm 100 ppm         21 Nitric Oxide Electrochemical Cell 100 ppm           22 Nitrogen Dioxide Electrochemical Cell 20 ppm           23 Oxirane Electrochemical Cell 10 ppm 20 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm     24 Oxygen Electrochemical Cell 25% LL 30% HL 30% HH       25 Ozone Electrochemical Cell 1 ppm           26 Phenylethylene Electrochemical Cell 30 ppm           27 Phosphine(in N 2 ) Electrochemical Cell 1 ppm 5 ppm         28 Phosphorane Electrochemical Cell 1 ppm 5 ppm         29 Propylene Oxide Electrochemical Cell 20 ppm           30 Silane Electrochemical Cell 10 ppm 50 ppm         31 Styrene Electrochemical Cell 30 ppm           32 Sulfur Dioxide Electrochemical Cell 20 ppm 50 ppm         33 Vinyl Chloride(in N 2 ) Electrochemical Cell 20 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 500 ppm     34 Xylene Electrochemical Cell 100 ppm                             A Isobutylene Methylpropene Photoionization 20 ppm           B Benzene Photoionization 20 ppm           C Vinyl Chloride Photoionization 20 ppm           D Dimethyl Formamide Photoionization 20 ppm           E Tetra chloroethylene Photoionization 20 ppm           F Jet Fuel A1 Photoionization 20 ppm           G Epichlorohydrin Photoionization 20 ppm           H Aniline Photoionization 20 ppm           I Bromopropane Photoionization 20 ppm           J Phenol Photoionization 20 ppm           Gasensor Toxic Gas Detection List

58. Feature Benefit OLED Display Easy English language interface Magnetic Menu Keys Non-intrusive, avoids costly tools Multi Interface Analog 4-20mA RS485 Modbus Alarm Relays Great flexibility and future scalability Opto isolated, Industry standard Low installation cost, multi-drop Local alarm activation Gas Sampling Built-in high-performance diaphragm pump, Fast Response T90 < 30 seconds Auto-zeroing, calibration Uncompromised accuracy Auto Self Cleaning Improve operation performance without interruptive maintenance Built-in temperature and humidity sensors Ensures accurate readings even in humid environment and real time compensation Approvals ATEX, IECEx, CE Mark Exd IIC T6 IP66 Ultra PI800 Toxic VOC Gas Detector

59. Sensor is to be calibrated periodically Sensor must be exposed to live gas standard to validate performance Regular calibration compensates for environmental changes Records must be maintained to meet OSHA Due Diligence requirements Calibration gas must be certified as primary gas standard Calibration & Validation

60. Each detector provides different performance capabilities Identify and Record Project performance requirements: Type of Target Gas Type of Application Target Gas and Detection Range Output to Third Party Monitoring System Required speed of response Environmental conditions Call us for assistance on hazards detection Hazard Assessment/Gas Detector Selection

61. Flame Detection

62. Anatomy of Fire Source CH CH C CO CH CO2 H C CH4 CH3 H C High UV High IR Light (Visible Light) Soot and Smoke

63. 63 Only suitable indoors Only ceiling mounted Unsuitable for high-ceiling structures Diffusion-based Conventional Detection Limitations

64. 64 High-sensitivity High speed response capability Swivel-mount enables selectable field of view Ultra FL800 Why Optical Flame Detection?

65. Low High Manual Call Smoke Fusible Link Heat Rate of Rise Optical Flame Conventional vs Optical Flame Sensing

66. Common Fire Detection Spectrum Ultraviolet (UV) Combination UV/IR Multi-IR Cone Angle and Distance 90 o cone of vision 50 to 200’ distance common Optical Flame Detection Ultra FL800

67. Detecting spectral energy within specific frequencies Electromagnetic Spectrum Principle

68. Actual loss/catastrophe Fire department requirement Insurance premium benefit Recognition of risk/preventative measure Customer Motivators

69. Sense radiant energy from an open flame Provide different performance capabilities depending on type Provide varying levels of nuisance alarm rejection capability Optical Flame Detection

70. 70 Defined differently depending upon the fuel: Liquid fuels defined by steel pan size, i.e. 1’ X 1’ Gaseous fuels defined by flame height, orifice size, pressure Solid fuels defined by weight, size, and pre-ignition config. Examples: 1’ X 1’ gasoline fire (10kw) 30” methane plume fire from 3/8” o.d. orifice @ 3 psi (2kw) Wood crib fire arranged in 8” X 8” sq. stack Fire Size Definition

71. 71 Some materials that affect flame detector sensitivity: smoke, dust, dirt UV absorber oil & grease UV absorber silicone-based cleaners UV absorber standard window glass UV absorber plastic films UV absorber water/ice/steam IR absorber Attenuating Materials

72. 72 welding (arc & gas) metal grinding high voltage corona and arcing electric motor armatures combustion engine backfire lightning x-ray, nuclear radiation hot turbines, reactors, boilers flare stacks UV nuisance UV nuisance UV nuisance UV nuisance UV nuisance UV nuisance UV nuisance IR nuisance All nuisance Nuisance Alarm Sources

73. Location of Flame Detector: Optical devices must have clear view of area 3-D cone of vision ranging from 90 o to 120 o Sensitivity diminishes at edges of cone Sensitivity and range related to type of fire Doubling detector distance results in only ¼ of radiant energy reaching detector Selecting a Flame Detector Type

74. Each detector provides different performance capabilities Identify and Record Project performance requirements: All fuel type(s) Fire size(s) that must be detected Detection distance (range) required Required speed of response All nuisance radiation sources Environmental conditions Call us for assistance on hazards detection Hazard Assessment/Flame Detector Selection

75. Hydrocarbon Fire Detection : UV/IR vs IR3 All Hydrocarbon (Fossil Fuel) fires radiate UV and Infrared energy. The UV sensor detects in the 185-260 nanometer range and the IR sensor in the 4.4 micron range. UV/IR Multi-spectrum IR3

76. Hydrocarbon Fire Detection : UV/IR vs IR3 - 2 UV/IR UV : 185 – 260 nm, IR : 4.4µm Radioactive Source from UV sensor content. Frequent Maintenance : UV sensor is blinded by oil film, dust and require regular cleaning. False Alarm : UV Sensor prone to false alarm when exposed to welding works Multi-spectrum IR3 IR : 4.0-5.0 µm Maintenance Free : not affected by oil film or dust. High False Alarm Immunity : Higher integrity with IR sensors only

77. Multi-spectrum IR vs UV/IR - 3 UV/IR Distance restricted by UV technology. Up to 25 metres only. Cone of vision : 90° H, 90° V Coverage : more detectors are required for the same area of coverage. Multi-spectrum IR3 Distance not restricted by UV technology. Up to 65 metres. Cone of vision : 90° H, 90° V Coverage : lesser detectors are required for the same area of coverage.

78. Hydrocarbon Fire Detection : IR4 vs IR3 All Hydrocarbon (Fossil Fuel) fires produce Carbon, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and partial hydrocarbon fuel in different ratios. CO and CO2 are released in distinctive intensity spikes, each identified by an individual IR sensor. The last IR sensor is tuned to a proprietary wavelength used to identify common false alarm sources . Multi-spectrum IR4 MSIR Sensor Array

79. A. Analog-to-Digital Convertor A.1 Convert IR sensor of various spectral wavelengths into digital format B. Signal Pre-Processing B.1 Pre-processed to extract time and frequency information C. Neural Network Classification : C.1 Compare against neural network algorithm (recorded database) with respect to time and frequency information. C.2 Result from classification C.2.1 Immediate recognition of fire source / exactly match statistic from database C.2.2 Immediate recognition of simulation from test lamp / exactly match statistic from database C.2.3 No detection of radiation or false fire source / not matching statistics from database Hydrocarbon Fire Detection : Structure IR1 IR2 IR3 IR4 A. Analog to Digital Convertor B. Signal Pre-processing C. ANN Classification D. Outpost Post Processing E. LED Indicators and Relays E. 0 – 20 mA Analog Output Sensor Data Collection Process Algorithms Instruments Outputs D. Outpost Post-Processing D.1 Neural Network post-processed to respective instruments outputs in E.1/2/3 E. Instruments Output E.1 Analog Output 0 – 20mA C.2.1 = Warning State followed by Alarm State/ 16.0 mA & 20.0 mA C.2.2 = Test State / 8.0mA C.2.3 = Normal State / 4.5 mA E.2 LEDs and Relay C.2.1 = Warning State followed by Alarm State/ Green LED Steady, Red LED Flashing per second to Green & Red LED Steady C.2.2 = Test State / Sequential pattern for Green, Yellow and Red LED C.2.3 = Normal State / Green LED Steady E.3 Modbus Output (Please refer to Modbus Manual for more information)

80. Introduction to Ultra FL800 The Ultra IR800 sensor uses Multispectral (Four) Infrared Technology to detect Hydrocarbon Fire. 1. Introduction to Ultra FL800

81. TB1 TB2 1 4-20mA Current Output 1 FLT_COM Fault Relay COM 2 4-20mA Current Output 2 FLT_NO Fault Relay 3 MOD2+ MODBUS Communication 3 ALM_COM Alarm Relay COM 4 MOD2- 4 ALM_NO Alarm Relay 5 MOD1+ 5 WAN_COM Warning Relay COM 6 MOD1- 6 WAN_NO Warning Relay 7 RLY_IO Relay Reset 7 CAL_IO Communication Reset 8 TEST_IO Test Mode Activate 8 +24V +Power Supply 9 +24V + Power Supply 9 COM -Power Supply 10 +COM - Power Supply 10 EGND Chassis Gnd 3. Wiring Connections (Standard) Non Isolated configuration(Source)

82. 3. Wiring Connections (Others) Non Isolated configuration (Sink)) Isolated configuration (Source) Isolated configuration (Sink) Non Isolated configuration(Source)

83. TB1 TB2 1 24V_ISO External PS 1 FLT_COM Fault Relay COM 2 4-20mA Current Output 2 FLT_NO Fault Relay 3 MOD2+ MODBUS Communication 3 ALM_COM Alarm Relay COM 4 MOD2- 4 ALM_NO Alarm Relay 5 MOD1+ 5 WAN_COM Warning Relay COM 6 MOD1- 6 WAN_NO Warning Relay 7 RLY_IO Relay Reset 7 CAL_IO Communication Reset 8 TEST_IO Test Mode Activate 8 +24V +Power Supply 9 +24V + Power Supply 9 COM -Power Supply 10 +COM - Power Supply 10 EGND Chassis Gnd 3. Wiring Connections (Upon Special Request) Isolated configuration (Sink)

84. 4. Dip Switch Selection Setting & Sensitivity Setting

85. 5. LED Indicator Display No. Status Green Yellow Red Remark 1 Power up 3 LEDs flashing once per second, continue for 15 seconds 2 Ready State On Off Off 3 Fault of Optical Path (COPS Fault) Off Flashing once per second Off 4 Other fault Off On Off 5 Test Mode Activated Off On Off 5-8 second AO = 8.0mA 6 Test Mode Warning On On Flashing once per second Delay Setting AO = 16.0mA 7 Test Mode Alarm On On On 120 second AO = 20.0mA 8 Warning On Off Flashing once per second 9 Alarm On Off On

86. 5. COPS (Continuous Optical Path Scanning) Ultra FL800 flame detector has the function of continuous optical path scan, which self checks the optical path, sensors and relevant electronic circuit every 2 minutes. If there is object on the front window surface of detector leading to retardation of the optical path, the detector will send signal representing optical path fault after 4 minutes. The output current from the detector will be 2.0mA (HART is 3.5 mA). When optical path fault occurs, fault relay is energized, in the meantime this status is transmitted by MODBUS (RS 485). The optical path self check interval is raised to 20 seconds from 2 minutes after the occurrence of an optical path fault. Only after the obstacle is eliminated, the self check interval will be restored to 2 minutes. Optical Check

87. 8. Test Lamp

88. Feature Benefit Application Detects Hydrocarbon Fires. Field of View 90 Degrees Multi Interface Analog 4-20 mA Dual Modbus HART Alarm Relays Great flexibility and future scalability Opto isolated, Industry standard Reliable, Low installation cost, multi-drop Meets HART interface standards Local alarm activation False Alarm Immunity Highest, minimize costly shutdowns & false trips, Unique Extra Low Sensitivity Setting for Hot Background (high Radiation) environment Long Sensitivity Range 1 sq ft N- Heptane from 65M in 5 seconds Approvals ATEX, IECEx, FM, PESO, SIL 2, CE Mark Performance : EN54-10, FM3260 Ex proof : Class 1 Division 1, Grp B,C,D or Exd IIC T6, IP66 Ultra FL800 Multi-Spectrum Flame Detector

89. Feature Benefit Application Detects Hydrocarbon + H2 Fires. Field of View 100 Degree Horizontal, 90 Degree Vertical Multi Interface Analog 4-20 mA Dual Modbus HART Alarm Relays Great flexibility and future scalability Opto isolated, Industry standard Reliable, Low installation cost, multi-drop Meets HART interface standards Local alarm activation False Alarm Immunity High false alarm immunity Long Sensitivity Range 1 sq ft N-Heptane from 65M Hydrogen – 25M Approvals ATEX, IECEx, SIL 2, CE Mark Ex proof : Exd IIC T6, IP67 Ultra FL800 MultiSpectrum Quad IR Flame Detector

90. Application Expertise

91. Protecting Lives, Safeguarding Assets Gasensor Technology Pte Ltd