GASTRITIS. non infectious gatritis (inflammation)

GASTRITIS

1. .
GASTRITIS (NON-INFECTIOUS)
GASTRITIS
14-Sep-24
PRESENTED
BY
MUTEGEKI ADOLF

2. Definition:
•Gastritis is the inflammation of the gastric
mucosa, which is the lining of the stomach.
•Non-infective gastritis refers to gastritis not
caused by infectious agents like bacteria, viruses,
or fungi.
•It can be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (long-
term).

3. ACUTE GASTRITIS
•Definition:
•This is an acute inflammation of the
gastric mucosa or sub mucosa with
destruction of the superficial epithelial
cells (Bloom, 2005). The condition lasts a
few hours to few days.

4. CHRONIC GASTRITIS
•Definition
•It is a chronic degeneration of the
mucosa membranes of the stomach
which may follow prolonged dietary
indiscretion or alcohol abuse.

5. AETIOLOGY:
•The causes of non-infective gastritis include:
•Medications:Long-term use of nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen can damage the stomach lining.
•Alcohol:Excessive alcohol consumption can irritate and erode the
stomach lining.
•Stress:Severe physical stress, such as from surgery, burns, or severe
illnesses, can increase the risk of gastritis.
•Autoimmune Disorders:In autoimmune gastritis, the immune system
attacks the stomach lining, leading to inflammation.
•Bile Reflux:Backflow of bile into the stomach from the bile tract (that
connects to the liver and gallbladder) can irritate the gastric mucosa.
•Chronic Irritants:Smoking, caffeine, and spicy foods can contribute to
gastritis.

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
•Gastritis involves the disruption of the normal
protective mucosal barrier of the stomach.
•The stomach lining is protected by a mucus layer that
shields it from gastric acid.
•When this barrier is compromised by factors such as
NSAIDs, alcohol, or autoimmune responses, gastric
acid and digestive enzymes can cause inflammation
and erosion of the gastric mucosa.
•This can lead to edema, bleeding, and, in severe
cases, ulceration of the stomach lining.

7. CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS:
•EpigastricPain:A burning or gnawing pain in the upper
abdomen.
•Nausea and Vomiting:Sometimes with blood (hematemesis) in
severe cases.
•Bloating and Gas:Sensation of fullness in the upper abdomen
after eating.
•Loss of Appetite:Reduced desire to eat due to discomfort.
•Indigestion:Dyspepsia, including a feeling of discomfort in the
upper abdomen.
•Dark Stools:Black, tarry stools (melena) indicating
gastrointestinal bleeding.

8. INVESTIGATIONS:
•Endoscopy:A thin tube with a camera (endoscope) is inserted
into the stomach to visualize the lining and take biopsies if
needed.
•Histology:Biopsy samples are examined microscopically to
assess inflammation and identify the type of gastritis.
•Blood Tests:To check for anemia or autoimmune markers if
autoimmune gastritis is suspected.
•Stool Test:To check for the presence of blood in the stool.
•Urea Breath Test or Stool Antigen Test:To rule out Helicobacter
pylori infection, which is typically done even though non-
infective gastritis is the primary concern.

9. MANAGEMENT:
•Treatment of non-infective gastritis focuses on relieving
symptoms, promoting healing, and addressing the underlying
cause:
•Medications:
•Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs):Reduce stomach acid production (e.g.,
omeprazole, lansoprazole).
•H2-Receptor Antagonists:Decrease acid production (e.g., ranitidine,
famotidine).
•Antacids:Neutralize stomach acid to provide symptomatic relief.
•CytoprotectiveAgents:Protect the stomach lining (e.g., sucralfate,
misoprostol).

10. Lifestyle Modifications:
•Diet Changes:Avoid irritants such as alcohol, spicy foods,
caffeine, and smoking.
•Stress Management:Techniques such as relaxation therapy,
counseling, and stress-reduction exercises.
•Medication Adjustment:Discontinuation or substitution of
NSAIDs or other irritant drugs with safer alternatives under
medical guidance.
•Treatment of Underlying Causes:
•Autoimmune Gastritis:May require vitamin B12
supplementation due to malabsorption

11. PREVENTION:
•Preventive strategies focus on reducing the risk factors
associated with gastritis:
•Avoid Long-Term Use of NSAIDs:Use alternatives like
acetaminophen for pain relief.
•Limit Alcohol Intake:Reducing consumption can protect the
stomach lining.
•Manage Stress:Incorporate stress-relief techniques into daily
life.
•Healthy Diet:Eat a balanced diet and avoid foods known to
irritate the stomach.
•Quit Smoking:Smoking cessation helps protect the gastric
mucosa.

12. END