GASTRITIS PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY .pptx

PATHO

1. GASTRITIS NAME : MUHAMMAD ANEES SHAHZAD GROUP : 01 SEMESTER: 05 INTERNATIONAL HIGHER SCHOOL OF MEDCINE

2. The term ‘gastritis’ is commonly employed for any clinical condition with upper abdominal discomfort like indigestion or dyspepsia in which the specific clinical signs and radiological abnormalities are absent. The condition is of great importance due to its relationship with peptic ulcer and gastric cancer . INTRODUCTION

3. Symptoms The signs and symptoms of gastritis include: Gnawing or burning ache or pain (indigestion) in your upper abdomen that may become either worse or better with eating Nausea Vomiting A feeling of fullness in your upper abdomen after eating Gastritis doesn't always cause signs and symptoms.

4. Broadly speaking, gastritis may be of 2 types—acute and chronic. Chronic gastritis can further be of various types. A simple classification of various types of gastritis is presented in Table 18.2. CLASSIFICATION OF GASTRITIS Harsh Mohan textbook page 546

5. Acute Gastritis Acute gastritis is a transient mucosal inflammatory process that may be asymptomatic or cause variable degrees of epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. In more severe cases there may be mucosal erosion, ulceration, hemorrhage, hematemesis, melena, or, rarely, massive blood loss. Harsh Mohan textbook page 546

6. ETIOPATHOGENESIS A variety of etiologic agents have been implicated in the causation of acute gastritis. These are as follows: 1. Diet and personal habits: i ) Highly spiced food ii) Excessive alcohol consumption iii) Malnutrition iv) Heavy smoking . Harsh Mohan textbook page 546

7. 2. Infections: i ) Bacterial infections e.g. Helicobacter pylori, diphtheria, salmonellosis, pneumonia, staphylococcal food poisoning. ii) Viral infections e.g. viral hepatitis, influenza , infectious mononucleosis. 3. Drugs: Intake of drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, cortisone, phenyl butazone , indomethacin, 4. Chemical and physical agents: i ) Intake of corrosive chemicals such as caustic soda, phenol, Lysol ii) Gastric irradiation iii ) Freezing. Harsh Mohan textbook page 546

8. 5. Severe stress: i ) Emotional factors like shock, anger, resentment etc. ii) Extensive burns iii) Trauma iv) Surgery. In acute gastritis, the mucosal injury by any of the above agents causes acute inflammation by one of the following mechanisms: 1. Reduced blood flow , resulting in mucosal hypo perfusion due to ischemia. 2. Increased acid secretion and its accumulation due to H. pylori infection resulting in damage to epithelial barrier. 3. Decreased production of bicarbonate buffer . Harsh Mohan textbook page 546