GCP-Good Clinical Practice

The Good Clinical Practice (GCP) course is designed to prepare research staff in the conduct of clinical trials with human participants

1. GCP- GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE NAME: ANANT NAG ID: MPH/10016/21 SEMINAR/ASSIGNMENT

2. CONTENT INTRODUCTION GOALS OF GCP Historical background of GCP Reasons for GCP ICH-GCP 13 CORE PRINCIPLES OF ICH-GCP CRITICISM CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY

3. WHAT IS GCP Good Clinical Practice (GCP) is a set of international standards meant for entities that conduct clinical trials . This set of standards, formulated by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), when implemented into clinical trials involving human subjects, seeks to ensure the protection of the humans involved in the research, as well as to bring about transparency in the methods of clinical practice. The efficacy and safety of the clinical product these trials seek to produce is another of the desired outcomes of GCP. GCP has been formulated to set standards and protocols that ensure the efficacy of the therapies into a larger population.

4. GOALS OF GCP

5. Table 1 Historical background of GCP 460 BC Oath of Hippocrates 1930’s U.S. Food, Drugs and Cosmetic Act 1947 Nuremberg Code Dec. 10th 1948 Declaration of Human Rights 1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendment 1964, revised 2000 Declaration of Helsinki 1979 The Belmont Report 1982 International Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects 1996 ICH-GCP guidelines issued 1997 ICH-GCP guidelines becomes law in some countries

6. Table 2 Reasons for GCP Increased Ethical Awareness Improved Trial Methods Clinical Trial Concept Better Understood Public/Political Concern over Safety Aspects Frauds and Accidents during Trials Growing Research and Development Costs Increasing Competition Mutual Recognition of Data New Market Structure

7. ICH-GCP The ICH-GCP is a harmonised standard that protects the rights, safety and welfare of human subjects, minimises human exposure to investigational products, improves quality of data, speeds up marketing of new drugs and decreases the cost to sponsors and to the public. Compliance with this standard provides public assurance that the rights, safety and well-being of trial subjects are protected and consistent with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and that the clinical trial data is credible.

8. 13 CORE PRINCIPLES OF ICH-GCP 1. Clinical trials should be conducted in accordance with ethical principles that have their origin in the Declaration of Helsinki, and that are consistent with GCP and the applicable regulatory requirement(s). 2. Before a trial is initiated, foreseeable risks and inconveniences should be weighed against anticipated benefit for the individual trial subject and society. A trial should be initiated and continued only if the anticipated benefits justify the risks. 3. The rights, safety and well-being of the trial subjects are the most important considerations and should prevail over interest of science and society. 4. The available non-clinical and clinical information on an investigational product should be adequate to support the proposed clinical trial.

9. 5. Clinical trials should be scientifically sound, and described in clear, detailed protocol. 6. A trial should be conducted in compliance with the protocol that has received prior institutional review board (IRB)/ independent ethics committee (IEC) approval/favourable opinion. 7. The medical care given to, and medical decisions made on behalf of subjects should always be the responsibility of a qualified physician or, when appropriate, of a qualified dentist. 8. Each individual involved in conducting a trial should be qualified by education, training, and experience to perform his or her respective task(s). 9. Freely given informed consent should be obtained from every subject prior to clinical trial participation.

10. 10. All clinical trial information should be recorded, handled, and stored in a way that allows its accurate reporting, interpretation and verification. 11. The confidentiality of records that could identify subjects should be protected, respecting the privacy and confidentiality rules in accordance with the applicable regulatory requirement(s). 12. Investigational products should be manufactured, handled and stored in accordance with applicable Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). They should be used in accordance with the approved protocol. 13. Systems with procedures that assure the quality of every aspect of the trial should be implemented. These principles are self-explanatory.

11. CRITICISM GCP has been called 'a less morally authoritative document' than the Declaration of Helsinki , lacking moral principles and guidance in the following areas: · Disclosure of conflict of interest · Public disclosure of study design · Benefit for populations in which research is conducted · Reporting of accurate results and publication of negative findings · Access to treatment after research has been conducted · Restriction of use of placebo in control group where effective alternative treatment is available

12. CONCLUSION The first important aspect of GCP nobody tells you about pertains to interpretation. This is at the heart of challenges concerning GCP. Good Clinical Practice is an exact science whose practice is open to subjectivity. This is one of the major oxymoronic aspects of GCP. This is because while GCP sets out the standards that clinical sites are required to comply with; it does not state which method to adapt. These standards are codified and located in multiple locations of the GCP standard, which means that those involved in research have to tome over absolutely every bit of the standard before getting down to researching.

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Malaysian Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. 2nd edition. Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2004 . 2. Imperial College Clinical Research Governance Office. Good Clinical Practice [Web Page]. 2007; Available at http://www.imperial.ac.uk/clinicalresearchoffice . 3. Otte A et al. Good Clinical Practice: Historical background and key aspects. 2005; 26:563-74 . 4. Office of Human Subjects Research. The Nuremberg Code [Web Page]. 1949; Available at http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/nuremberg