GE-3-Midterm-3.pptx in contemporary arts

Contemporary is what we need in our daily lives

1. GE 3 – THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD Ms. Andrea Dianne E. Cabrera, LPT

2. LESSON 3: GLOBAL CITY

3.   GLOBAL CITY - also known as a power city, world city, alpha city, or world center, is a city that serves as a primary node in the global economic network. GLOBAL CITY an urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system . 

4. GLOBAL CITY Sociologist “Saskia Sassen ” popularized the term “global city” in the 1990’s. She initially identified three global cities : New York , London and Tokyo, Japan New York has the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) London has the Financial Times Stock Exchange (FSTE) and Tokyo has the Nikkei.

5. GLOBAL CITY Recent commentators have expanded the criteria that Sassen used to determine what constitutes a global city. Movie-making Mecca Los Angeles can now rival the Big Apple’s cultural influence. San Francisco must now factor in as another global city because it is the home of the most powerful internet companies- Facebook, Twitter, and Google. The growth of the Chinese economy has turned cities like Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou into centers of trade and finance.

6. INDICATORS OF GLOBALITY The foremost characteristics of a global city is economic power. Economic power largely determines which cities are global. Economic opportunities in a global city make it attractive to talents from across the world. To measure the economic competitiveness of a city, the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) has added other criteria like market size, purchasing power of citizens, size of the middle class, and potential for growth. The “tiny” Singapore is considered as Asia’s most competitive city because of its strong market, efficient and incorruptible government and livability.

7. INDICATORS OF GLOBALITY 6. Global cities are also centers of authority. Washington D.C may not be as wealthy as New York, but is the seat of American state power. 7. Compared with Sydney and Melbourne, Canberra is a sleepy town and not attractive to tourists. But as Australia’s political capital, it is home to the country’s top politicians, bureaucrats, and policy advisors. 8. The cities that house major international organization may also be considered centers of political influence. United Nations (UN) headquarters – New York European Union (EU) headquarters – Brussels, Belgium Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( ASEAN) headquarters – Jakarta, Indonesia European Central Bank (ECB) – Frankfurt, Germany

8. Harvard University Boston Australia

9. LOS ANGELES – the center of the American film industry. Copenhagen, Denmark – is now considered as one of the culinary capitals of the worlds, with its top restaurants incommensurate with its size. Manchester, England – many prominent post-punk and new wave bands – Joy Division, the Smiths, and the Happy Mondays – hailed from this city. Singapore houses some of the region’s top television stations and news organizations (MTV Southeast Asia and Channel News Asia) Its various art galleries and cinemas also show paintings from artist and filmmakers from Philippines and Thailand.

10. Today, global cities become culturally diverse Manila is not very global because of the death of foreign residents But Singapore is, because it has a foreign population of 38%

11. Why do we need to study Global Cities? Globalization is spatial which means: Globalization is spatial because it occurs in physical spaces. More people are driven out of city centers to make way for the new developments. Globalization is spatial because what makes it moves is the fact it is based in places.

12. The Challenges of Global Cities Global cities also have their undersides. They can be sites of great inequality and poverty as well as tremendous violence. Global cities create winners and losers. Denser settlement patterns yield energy savings; apartment building for example, are more efficient to heat and cool than detached suburban house. In cities with extensive public transportation systems, people tend to drive less and thereby cut carbon emissions.

13. The Challenges of Global Cities Not all cities are as dense as New York or Tokyo. Some cities like Los Angeles are urban sprawls, with massive freeways that force residents to spend money on cars and gas. Urban areas consume most of the world’s energy. Cities only cover 2% of the world’s landmass, but they consume 78% of global energy. Therefore, if carbon emissions must be cut to prevent global warming, this massive energy consumption in cities must be curbed.

14. VERTICAL FARMS

15. The Challenges of Global Cities The major terror attacks of recent years have also targeted cities. Cities, especially those with global influence are obvious targets for terrorists. 9/11 attack – World Trade Center, New York November 2015 attacks in Paris by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)

16. The Global City and the Poor Massive inequality was very pronounced in cities, particularly those in Scandinavia, have found ways to mitigate inequality through state-led social redistribution programs. Yet, many cities, particularly those in the developing countries, are sites of contradiction. In places like Mumbai, Jakarta, and Manila , it is common to find gleaming buildings alongside massive shantytowns. In the outskirts of New York and San Francisco are poor urban enclaves occupied by African-Americans and immigrant families who are often denied opportunities at a better life. Gentrification – a phenomenon of driving out the poor in favor of never, wealthier residents. In Australia cities, poor aboriginal Australians have been most acutely affected by gentrification.

17. The Global City and the Poor In France, poor Muslim migrants are forced out of Paris and have clustered around ethnic enclaves known as banlieue. In most of the world’s global cities, the middle class is also thinning out. Globalization creates high-income jobs that are concentrated in global cities. In places like New York, there are high rolling American investment bankers whose children are raised by Filipina maids.

18. CONCLUSION Global Cities are sites and mediums of globalization. They are material representations of the phenomenon. Through them, we see the best of globalization, they are places that create exciting fusions of culture and ideas. They are also places that generate tremendous wealth. However, they remain sites of great inequality, where global servants serve global entrepreneurs.