GEC-1-Midterm-Lecture1 Reading in Philippine History.pptx

Reading in Philippine History

1. To understand the meaning of history as an academic discipline and to be familiar with the underlying philosophy and methodology of the discipline. To examine and assess critically the value of historical evidences and sources. To appreciate the importance of history in the social and national life of the Philippines Learning Objectives:

2. Derived from the Greek word “ historia ” which means “knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation” Also known as the study of the past History Defined

3. Is the account of the past of a person or a group of people through written documents and historical evidences DEFINITION OF HISTORY

4. History also focused on writing about wars, revolutions, and other important breakthroughs DEFINITION OF HISTORY

5. It means that unless a written document can prove a certain historical event, then it cannot be considered as a historical fact. No Document, No History

6. Government Records Receipts, etc. SOME VALID HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS Chronicle’s Accounts Personal Letters

7. Restricting historical evidence as exclusively written is a discrimination against other social classes who were not recorded in paper. DISCRIMINATION IN THE VALIDITY OF HISTORY

8. Others got their historical documents burned or destroyed in the events of war or colonization. DISCRIMINATION IN THE VALIDITY OF HISTORY

9. Q U E S T I O N S AND ISSUES IN H I S T O R Y

10. It covers how historians have studied and developed history including its sources, techniques, and theoretical approaches HISTORIOGRAPHY Is the history of history

11. should not be confused with History because history is the study of the past, the events that happened in the past. HISTORIOGRAPHY

12. It focuses on how a certain historical text was written, who wrote it, what was the context of its publication, what historical method was employed, what sources were used . HISTORIOGRAPHY

13. Historiography vs History

14. Is the school of thought that emerged between the 18 th and 19 th century. This thought requires empirical and observable evidence before one can claim that a particular knowledge is true. POSITIVISM

15. Historians were required to show written primary documents in order to write a particular historical narrative. POSITIVISM

16. Is the school of thought that emerged in the early 20 th century when formerly colonized nations grappled with the idea of creating their identities and understanding their societies against the shadows of their colonial past. Post-Colonialism

17. Tell the history of their nation that will highlight their identity free from that colonial discourse and knowledge Two Things in Writing History:

18. To criticize the methods, effects, and idea of colonialism Two Things in Writing History:

19. History and the Historians

20. Facts cannot speak for themselves. It is the historian’s job not just to seek historical evidences and facts but also to interpret them. It is their job to give meaning to these facts and organize them into timeline, establish causes, and write history.

21. Historian’s Tasks is to connect the events explored with the intuitive understanding. Is to present what actually happened, the historical truth. is to exactly, impartially, and critically investigate the events.

22. Fr. John Schumacher, SJ, said that a true “people’s history is therefore must see the Filipino People as the primary agents in their history not jus as objects repressed by theocracy or oppressed by exploitative colonial policies. “ This means that the task of Filipino historians must be writing what is historically true for Filipinos to have a true history.

23. It comprises certain techniques and rules that historians follow in order to properly utilize sources and historical evidences in writing history. Historical methodology

24. Development of Philippine Historiography

25. Historiography of the Philippines refers to the studies, sources, critical methods and interpretation used by scholars to study the history of the Philippines. The Philippine Archipelago has been part of many empires before the Spanish empire had arrived in the 16 th century.

26. The pre-colonial Philippines uses the Abugida writing sys tem that has been widely used in writing and seals on documents though it was for communication and no recorded writings of early literature or history. Ancient Filipinos usually write documents on bamboo, bark, and leaves which did not survive unlike inscriptions on clays, metals, and ivories did, like the Laguna Copperplate Inscription and Butuan Ivory Seal . The discovery of the Butuan Ivory Seal also proves the use of paper document in ancient Philippines.

27. Another archaeological piece with ancient inscription, the Butuan Ivory Seal was recovered in the 1970s by pot hunters in a prehistoric shell midden site in Ambangan , Libertad, Butuan in Agusan del Norte. Made of ivory, the object could have been used to stamp documents or goods during trading. The ivory seal as well as other archaeological materials recovered in Ambangan archaeological sites are proof that Rajahnate of Butuan was an important trading center whose official seal marked the source of commodities it produced and exported.

28. The arrival of the Spanish colonizers, the pre-colonial Filipino manuscripts and documents were gathered and burned to eliminate pagan beliefs. This has been the burden of historians in the accumulation data and the development of theories that gave historians many aspects of Philippine history that were left unexplained.

29. The cultural achievements of pre-colonial Philippines include those covered by prehistory and early history of the Philippines archipelago and its inhabitants, which are the indigenous forebears of today's Filipino people. Philippines: Pre - History

30. These early Filipinos possessed a culture and technology that were quite advanced considering the timeline of history of science when it flourished. Waves of migrants who came to settle in the islands contributed to the development of ancient Philippine civilization.

31. Prehistoric aborigines , a cross of Afro-Asiatic and Austro-Aborigines, now called Negritos (Aeta, Agta, Ayta ) reached the islands by way of land bridges around 15,000 to 30,000 BC, and they were excellent hunters and food gatherers.

32. In its midst, other ancient civilizations were also thriving and evolving. The Proto-Malays , a Mongol-Asiatic race, arrived around 2500 BC using oceanic vessels called balangays, and they brought with them their knowledge in seafaring, farming, building of houses from trees and creation of fire for cooking.

33. The next to arrive were the Duetero -Malays , of India-Asiatic race (Indian, Chinese, Siamese, Arabic), that prevailed with a more superior and advanced culture. They possessed their own systems of writing, knowledge and skills in agriculture, metallurgy, jewelry-making as well as boat-building.

34. When the Spaniards came to the islands in the 15th century, industries such as mining, agriculture, fishing and pottery were already in place and contacts with other Asian nations had been long established.

35. Assignment: Create a timeline about the history of the Philippines in the Pre-Colonial Period.