Gelisols.pptx

Soil Order Gelisols

1. GELISOLS Gk. gelid , very cold

2. OCCURRENCE and DISTRIBUTION 9% of ice-free land area ∼11.8 million km 2 Russia, Canada, Antarctica, US, Northern Europe, Greenland, Asia

3. MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS

4. Gelic materials Permafrost , often with cryoturbation (frost churning ) Permafrost within 100 cm of the soil surface Gelic materials within 100 cm of the soil surface and permafrost within 200 cm of the soil surface Representative Horizon Sequence: Oi/ Bgjj / Cf (Brady and Weil, 2016)

5. GENESIS (Factors and Processes)

6. PERMAFROST

7. PERIGLACIATION http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10ag.html

8. CRYOTURBATION/ FROST CHURNING ( Bockheim and Gennadiyev , 2000) http://www.groundtruthtrekking.org/slideshows/seismic-2012/? photo=cryoturbation -

9. ACCUMULATION OF SALTS Marine aerosols are the chief source of salts, but salt grains (gypsum, calcite, halite, etc .) are also carried by winds in Gelisol landscapes Gelisols in Antarctica receive significant amounts of salts primarily through atmospheric deposition Due to limited leaching, total salt content generally increases with time and can be used as an indicator of soil age.

10. CLASSIFICATION

11. G el isols ( el ) Order

12. Suborder Histels Orthels Turbels ( Buol et al., 2011)

13. Great Group Histels Fibristels Folistels Glacistels Hemistels Sapristels Orthels Anhyorthels Aquorthels Argiorthels Haplorthels Historthels Mollorthels Psammorthels Umbrorthels Turbels Anhyturbels Aquiturbels Haploturbels Histoturbels Molliturbels Psammoturbels Umbriturbels

14. Subgroup Fibristels Folistels Glacistels Hemistels Sapristels Fluvaquentic Lithic Sphagnic Terric Typic Lithic Glacic Typic Hemic Sapric Typic Ferric Fluvanquentic Lithic Typic Fluvaquentic Lithic Terric HISTELS (* ists )

15. Anhyorthels Aquorthels Argiorthels Haplorthels Calcic Glacic Gypsic Lithic Nitric Petrogypsic Salic Typic Andic Fluevaquentic Glacic Lithic Psammentric Ruptic-Histic Salic Sulfuric Typic Vitrandic Glacic Lithic Natric Typic Aquic Fluvaquentic Fluventic Folistic Glacic Lithic Typic ORTHELS (* orth )

16. Historthels Mollorthels Psammorthels Umbrorthels Fluvaquentic Fluventic Glacic Lithic Ruptic Typic Aquic Andic Cumulic Folistic Glacic Lithic Typic Vertic Vitrandic Glacic Lithic Spodic Typic Aquic Andic Cumulic Folistic Lithic Glacic Typic Vertic Vitrandic

17. Anhyturbels Aquiturbels Haploturbels Histoturbels Calcic Glacic Gypsic Lithic Nitric Petrogypsic Salic Typic Glacic Lithic Ruptic-Histic Psammentric Sulfuric Typic Aquic Folistic Glacic Lithic Typic Glacic Lithic Ruptic Typic TURBELS (* turb )

18. Molliturbels Psammortubels Umbriturbels Andic Aquic Cumulic Folistic Glacic Lithic Typic Vitrandic Vetric Glacic Lithic Spodic Typic Aquic Andic Cumulic Folistics Glacic Lithic Typic Vetric Vitrandic

19. Coarse- loamy,mixed , superactive,subgelic Typic Aqui turb els Alaska, USA Order Suborder Great Group Subgroup Family Tanana Series

20. “ Our globe is under new dramatic environmental pressure: our globe is warming, our ice caps melting, our glaciers receding, our coral is dying, our soils are eroding, our water tables falling, our fisheries are being depleted, our remaining rainforests shrinking. Something is very, very wrong with our eco-system .” Richard Lamm