Gender analysis ppt2.pptx

This module tells us about the gender analysis

1. TOPIC TWO GENDER ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK/TOOLS Gender Analysis : refers to the process of gathering information to understand The relationships between men and women, Their access and control of resources, Their activities, and the constraints they face relative to each other Moreover, it provides information that recognizes gender

2. Types of gender analysis Quantitative gender analysis: is the collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated data It shows us if there is difference in a given situation for women and men, girls and boys, but it does not tell us why the difference exists between men & women It is measures of quantity (total numbers, proportions, percentages etc )

3. B. Qualitative gender analysis: is the tracing of historical, political, economic, social and cultural forces in order to clarify how and why the differences between men & women have come about is based on people’s judgments, perceptions and opinions about a subject is obtained through attitude surveys, focus group discussion, participatory rural appraisals etc

4. Importance of gender analysis To identify gender specific constraints and opportunities To identify possible strategic measures to overcome the constraints, To recognize different impact of research activities to achieve positive change To concerned with the underlying causes of inequalities\ Helps to apply understanding of causes of inequalities for policy development and service delivery

5. Gender Analysis Tools/Frameworks 1. Harvard Analytical Framework Three main components can generally be identified in this. Tool 1. activity profile which deals with the identification of the productive and reproductive activities of men and women. It examines not only the gender based division of labor but also the percentage of time allocated for each activity, whether the activity is carried out seasonally or daily and specification of the place where the activity is performed ( e.g. at home, in the family, or elsewhere) which shows freedom of mobility.

6. Tool 2. access and control profile. It indicates the gender based access to resources, control over the use of resources and the benefits of the use of resources. Access simply refers to the use of resources. But, this has nothing to do with control over it as, for instance, women in most developing countries have access to resources but do not have power to make ultimate decisions about their use.

7. Tool 3. I nfluencing factors which enable the assessment of factors that determine different opportunities and constraints for men and women, and shape gender relations. They include general economic conditions, institutional structures, demographic and socio cultural factors, community norms, l egal parameters, education and training and political events.

8. Tool 4: The Project Cycle Analysis: Which examine it from a gender perspective using gender disaggregated data, and charting the differential effects of social change on women and men. Strengths of HF Practical and hands on Collects and organizes information about gender division of labour - it makes women’s work visible Distinguishes between access to and control over resources Useful for projects at micro level Can be easily adapted to a range of settings

9. Limitations Needs another tool Focus on projects not programs Focus on efficiency not effectiveness - does not provide guidance on how to change gender inequalities Can be carried out in a non-participatory way Tends to over simplify Ignores other inequalities such as race, class and ethnicity Ignores connections and cooperative relations

10. 2. The Moser Framework (gender planning) The Moser Framework is based on three major concepts: women’s triple roles (productive, reproductive and community), practical and strategic gender needs, and Categories of WID and GAD policy approaches. There are six tools in the framework that can be used for planning at all levels from project to regional planning. It can also be used for gender training.  

11. Tool 1: Gender Roles Identification/Triple Role Recognition of a triple role for women. Reproductive Work : Involves the care and maintenance of the household and its members, Productive Work: This involves the production of goods and services for consumption or trade. (Note: both women and men can be involved in productive activities, but their functions and responsibilities often differ. Community Work: These activities include the collective organization of social events and services – ceremonies and celebrations, activities to improve the community, participation in groups and organizations, local political activities, etc.

12. Tool 2: Gender Needs Assessment Practical Gender Needs: It met, would assist women in their current activities (often related to inadequacies in living conditions). Strategic Gender Needs: If met, would enable women to transform existing imbalances of power between women and men. Women’s strategic gender needs are those which exist because of women’s subordinate social status

13. Tool 3: Disaggregating control of resources and decision-making within a household This tool is used to find out who has control over resources within the household, who makes decisions about the use of these resources, and how they are made.   Tool 4: Balancing of roles This relates to how women manage the balance between their productive, reproductive and community tasks. It asks whether a planned intervention will increase a women’s workload in one role with consequences for the other roles.

14. Tool 5: WID/GAD policy matrix The WID/GAD policy matrix provides a framework for identifying/evaluating the approaches that have been (or can) be used to address the triple role, and the practical and strategic gender needs of women in programs and projects. Five different approaches can be identified. Welfare; Equity; Anti- Poverty; Efficiency and Empowerment   Tool 6: Involving women, gender-aware organizations and planners in planning. The aim of this tool is to ensure that practical and strategic gender needs are identified by women ensuring that “real needs’’ as opposed to "perceived needs" are incorporated into the planning process.

15. Usefulness of Moser Framework The concept of practical and strategic gender needs is a very useful tool for evaluating the impact of a development intervention on gender relations. Potential Limitations The framework looks at the separate activities of women and men rather than how these activities interrelate. Not everyone accepts the concept of the triple role, particularly in relation to community roles. Other forms of inequality such as race and class are not addressed. Moser does not consider the strategic gender needs of men.

16. 3 . The Gender Analysis Matrix (GAM) Framework Was developed for practitioner working at grass roots level and aims to assist in determining the different impacts of development interventions on women and men. The analysis is conducted at four levels of society, women, men, household and community. The GAM examines impact on four areas: labour , time, resources and socio-cultural factors

17. This frame work should be used before and after implementation of project. Before the implementation it is used to identify the feasibility from the labour , time, resources and socio-cultural factors points of view by considering its impact on women, men, household and community. Then the framework should also be applied after project to evaluate the impact.

18. 4. Women’s Equality and Empowerment ( Longwe ) Framework Longwe defines women’s empowerment as enabling women to take an equal place with men, and to participate equally in the development process, in order to achieve control over factors of production on an equal basis with men. Longwe’s framework is based on the idea of five different levels of equality ( welfare, access, Concretization, participation, and control )

19. Tool 1: Levels of Equality Welfare : This is defined as the level of women’s material welfare (income, food supply, health care) relative to men Access: This is understood in the framework as women’s equality of access with men to the factors of production such as land, credit, labour , training, marketing facilities, and all public services and benefits. Concretization : This concept relates to being aware of the difference between sex and gender, and to recognize that gender roles are cultural and can change. The sexual division of labour should be fair to both women and men and both should agree with it. Neither women nor men should dominate the other, economically or politically.

20. P articipation as women’s equal participation in the decision making process, policy making, planning, and implementation. It is a particularly important aspect of development projects, where participation means involvement in needs-assessment, project formulation, implementation and evaluation. C ontrol refers to women’s control over the decision making process through concretization and mobilization, to achieve equality of control over the factors of production and the distribution of benefits.

21. Tool 2: Level of recognition of “women’s issues’’ Three levels of recognition of women’s issues in project design these are: Negative level: There is no reference to women’s issues in the project objectives. It is likely that the project will have a negative impact on women. Neutral Level: Women’s issues are included but there is doubt as to whether the outcomes will be positive for women. Positive Level: Project objects are positively concerned with women’s issues and with improving women’s position relative to men.

22. Usefulness The framework can be used for planning, monitoring, and evaluation. to translate a commitment to women’s empowerment into policy and plans.   Limitations The framework is not complete, as it does not take into account a number of aspects. It does not track how situations change over time . The relationship between men and women is examined only from an equality perspective, failing to take account of the complex system of rights, claims, and responsibilities that exist between them.

23. End of topic two Thank you for your attention