Gene Editingin Fungi as a revolutionaryapproach.pptx

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1. A SEMINAR REPORT ON CRISPR- CAS-9 AND GEN EDITING IN FUNGI AS A REVOLUTIONARY APPROACH FOR ADVANCING MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH BY OLUMOH JANET BUSAYO BM/HND/F22/1707

2. OUTLINE INTRODUCTION HOW CRISPR-CAS9 TECHNOLOGY WORKS WORKING MECHANISM OF THE CRISPR/CAS9 SYSTEM APPLICATIONS OF CRISPR-CAS9 IN FUNGI CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION Fungi play a vital role in various ecological processes, including nutrient cycling, decomposition, and symbiotic relationships with plants. In 1987, Japanese scientists discovered some unknown tandem repeats in the Escherichia coli genome but did not explore their biological signifcance . In 2002, these sequences were named as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR).

4. HOW CRISPR-CAS9 TECHNOLOGY WORKS CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technology that uses a combination of an enzyme that cuts DNA (Cas9, a nuclease) and a guiding piece of genetic material (guide RNA) to specify the location in the genome. Generally, the guide RNA targets and binds to a specific DNA sequence, and the attached Cas9 enzyme cleaves both strands of DNA at that site. This cut can be used to insert, remove, or edit the DNA sequence.

5. WORKING MECHANISM OF THE CRISPR/CAS9 SYSTEM Designing gRNA : Research's design a gRNA that matches the specific DNA sequence they want to target for editing within the fungal genome. Formation of the Cas9-gRNA Complex : The gRNA is combined with the Cas9 protein to form a Cas9-gRNA complex. Target Recognition and DNA Cleavage : The Cas9-gRNA complex binds to the complementary DNA sequence within the fungal genome (Wu et al., 2020). DNA Repair : After the DNA is cut, the cell's natural repair mechanisms come into play. There are two primary repair pathways: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair ( HDR ( Kjaerbolling et al., 2019 ).

6. APPLICATIONS OF CRISPR-CAS9 IN FUNGI Studying fungal pathogenesis CRISPR-Cas9 has been used to systematically study the virulence factors and molecular mechanisms associated with fungal pathogenesis. ( Satish et al., 2020 ). Enhancing fungal biocontrol agents Biocontrol agents based on fungi are used as alternatives to chemical pesticides for managing plant diseases.( Kjaerbolling et al., 2019 ). Genome editing for industrial applications Fungi are widely used in industrial processes for the production of valuable compounds, enzymes, and biofuels. ( Xu et al., 2018). Improving fungal fermentation CRISPR-Cas9 has been employed to enhance the performance of fungi during fermentation processes. ( Satish et al., 2020)

7. CONCLUSION The use of CRISPR-CAS9 as gene editing techniques in mycological research holds significant promise for revolutionizing our understanding of fungi.This opens up new possibilities of studying fungal biology, improving agricultural practices,developing biotechnological applications and the evolutionary history of fungi

8. RECOMMENDATION The study recommend that: CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful gene editing tool that can be used to make precise changes to the DNA of fungi. This approach allows scientists to create new strains of fungi with desirable traits, such as increased resistance to disease or the ability to produce new products. While CRISPR-Cas9 holds great promise, it also raises important ethical and safety concerns, and further research is needed to fully understand its potential risks and benefits.

9. REFERENCES El-Sayed, A. S. A., Abdel- Ghany , S. E., and Ali, G. S. (2017). Genome editing approaches: manipulating of lovastatin and taxol synthesis of filamentous fungi by CRISPR/Cas9 system.  Appl. Microbiol . Biotechnol .  101, 3953–3976. doi : 10.1007/s00253-017-8263-z Mei, Y. Z., Zhu, Y. L., Huang, P. W., Yang, Q., and Dai, C. C. (2019). Strategies for gene disruption and expression in filamentous fungi.  Appl. Microbiol . Biotechnol .  103, 6041–6059. doi : 10.1007/s00253-019-09953-2 Satish, L., Shamili , S., Muthubharathi , B. C., Ceasar , S. A., Kushmaro , A., Singh, V., et al. (2020).  ”CRISPR-Cas9 system for fungi genome engineering toward industrial applications,” in Genome Engineering via CRISPR-Cas9 System .). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 69–81. Wang, Q., and Coleman, J. J. (2019). Progress and challenges: development and implementation of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in filamentous fungi.  Comput . Struct . Biotechnol . J.  17, 761–769. doi : 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.06.007 Wu, C., Chen, Y., Qiu , Y., Niu , X., Zhu, N., Chen, J., (2020). A simple approach to mediate genome editing in the filamentous fungus  Trichoderma reesei  by CRISPR/Cas9-coupled in vivo gRNA transcription.  Biotechnol . Lett.  42, 1203–1210. doi : 10.1007/s10529-020-02887-0  

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