General anaesthesia and local anaesthesia

anesthesia or anaesthesia (from Greek "without sensation") is a state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical purposes. It may include some or all of analgesia (relief from or prevention of pain), paralysis (muscle relaxation), amnesia (loss of memory), and unconsciousness

1. LOCAL ANDGENERAL
ANAESTHESIA
Mohdasadfarooqi
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2. INTRODUCTION
ANAESTHESIA :
GENERAL
ANAESTHESIA
LOCAL
ANAESTHESIA
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3. What is Anaesthesia???
Anesthesia –is a reversible condition of comfort and quiescence for a
patient within the physiological limit before, during and after
performance of aprocedure.
Generalanesthesia–forsurgicalproceduretorenderthepatient
unaware/unresponsivetothepainfulstimuli.
Drugs producing General Anaesthesia –are called General Anaesthetics.
Localanesthesia-reversible inhibition of impulse generation and
propagation in nerves. In sensory nerves, such an effect is desired
when painful procedures must be performed, e.g., surgical or dental
operations.
Drugs producing Local Anaesthesia –are called Local Anaesthetics e.g.
Procaine, Lidocaine and Bupivacaineetc.
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4. LOCALANAESTHETICS
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5. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENERAL ANAESTHESIA &
LOCALANAESTHESIA
Gen.Anaesthsia LocalAnaesthsiaFEATURES
Site ofaction
Area of bodyinvolved
Consciousness
Care of vitalfunctions
CNS
Wholebody
Lost Essential
Peripheralnerves
Restrictedarea
Unaltered
Usually notneeded
Risky
Possible
Safer
Notpossible
Poor healthpatients
Use in noncooperative
patients
Majorsurgery
Minorsurgery
Preferred
Notpreferred
Cannot bepreferred
preferred
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6. LOCALANAESTHETICS
DEFINITION: are drugs which, when applied directly to
peripheral nervous tissue, block the nerve conduction and
abolish all sensations in the part supplied by the nerve
without loss ofconsciousness.
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7. FEATURES OFLOCAL
ANAESTHETICS
Should have quick onset of action
Should not be irritating to skin & mucousmembranes
Duration of action must be long enough to allow desired surgery to be
completed
Should be effective on both injection & localapplication
Should have low Systemictoxicity
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8. Should not cause any permanent damage on any tissue.
Should be relatively free from producing allergic reaction.
Should be stable in solution and readily undergo
biotransformation.
Contd…
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9. CLASSIFICATION
1.INJECTABLEANAESTHETIC :
 SHORTDURATIONLOWPOTENCY,
procaine
chloroprocaine


INTERMEDIATE POTENCY ANDDURATION
Lidocaine prilocaine
HIGH POTENCY, LONG DURATION
tetracaine bupivacaine
ropivacaine dibucaine
EFFICACY-
maximum effect that a drug can
produceregardless of dose.
POTENCY-
amount of a drug that is needed to
produce a given effect
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10. 2.SURFACEANAESTHETIC:
INSOLUBLE
benzocaine
butylaminobenzoate
oxethazaine
SOLUBLE
cocaine
lidocaine
tetracaine
benoxinate
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11. MECHANISM OF ACTION OFLAs

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12. MECHANISM OF ACTION OFLAs
LA blocks the nerve conduction by reducing entry of Na+ through
the voltage gatedchannels
Due to this, they block the initiation & propagation of nerve impulse.
At higher doses it alsoblocks
1.Voltage gated Ca
2+channels
2.K
+channels
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13. GENERAL
ANAESTHESIA
Mohdasadfarooqi
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