GENERAL ANATOMY OF THE FASCIAE BY DR JAMIL ANWAR

general anatomy of fascia

1. FASCIA:
FIBROUS C/T
BINDS TOGETHER VARIOUS STRUCTURES OF BODY

2. FASCIA:
SUPERFICIAL & DEEP

3. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA:
 ALSO CALLED:
 HYPODERMIS/
 SUBCUTANEUS LAYER/
 FATTY LAYER/
 PANICULUS ADIPOSUS

4. DEFINITION:
MADE UP OF AREOLAR
TISSUE WITH VARYING
AMOUNT OF FAT
(CT in which fibers are loosely
arranged in a network)

5. CONSISTS OF:
Collagen &
Elastic fibers,
Fibroblasts
Ground substance &
Connective tissue cells

6. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA:
-GENERAL COATING:
DETERMINES SHAPE
SUROUNDS :
-ORGANS
-GLANDS &
-NEUROVASCULAR
BUNDLES
FILLS UNOCCUPIED
PLACES

7. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA:
DISTRIBUTION
MORE ABUNDANT & EVENLY
DISTRIBUTED IN FEMALE
ABUNDANT IN REGIONS:
GLUTEAL
LUMBAR
THIGHS
ANT. ABD. WALL
MAMMARY GLANDS
POSTDELTOID REGION
CERVICOTHORACIC REGION

8. ABSENT FROM
EYE LIDS
EXTERNAL EAR
PENIS & SCROTUM

9. FILLS:
HOLLOW SPACES eg AXILLA
/ORBITS
AROUND KIDNEY
(PERINEPHRIC FAT)

10. ABDOMINAL WALL
STRAITIFIED INTO TWO
LAYERS:
IN LOWER ANTERIOR ABD:
WALL; (SCARPAS / CAMPER)
PERINEUM &
UPPER PART OF THIGH

11. TYPES OF FATS
TWO TYPES:
WHITE & BROWN
WHITE FAT:
Found in mammals.
20% of body weight in men
25% of body weight in women
Used as a store of energy
Thermal insulator

12. BROWN FAT:
NEWBORN & HYBERNATING ANIMALS
 CELLS:
 SMALLER WITH SEVERAL SMALL DROPLETS
 MULTIPLE MITOCHONDRIA GENERATE HEAT
 SIZE OF FAT CELLS INCREASES DURING
ACCUMULATION OF FAT RATHER THAN NUMBER
OF CELLS

14. SUPERFICIAL
FASCIA CONTAINS
(a) S/C MUSCLE IN FACE, NECK & SCROTUM
(b) MAMARY GLAND
(c) DEEPLY SITUATED SWEAT GLANDS
d) LYMPH NODES
(e) CUTANEUOS NERVES & VESSELS

15. FUNCTIONS OF SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
FACILITATES MOVEMENTS OF SKIN
A SOFT MEDIUM FOR PASSAGE OF NERVES &
VESSELS TO SKIN
CONSERVES BODY HEAT

16. DEEP FASCIA

17. DEEP FASCIA:
DEFINITION:
DENSE FIBROUS C/T
INVESTS BODY
BENEATH SUPERFICIAL
FASCIA

18. CHARACTERISTICS:
RPENETRATES &
SURROUNDS:
-MUSCLES
-NERVES,
-BONES &
-BLOOD VESSELS
DEVOID OF FAT
INELASTIC & TOUGH

19. DISTRIBUTION OF DEEP FASCIA
BEST DEFINED IN
LIMBS
ILL DEFINED ON
TRUNK & FACE
FORMS TIGHT &
TOUGH SLEAVES
FORMS COLLAR
AROUND THE NECK

20. IMPORTANT
FEATURES
1. EXTENSIONS &
PROLONGATIONS:
IM SEPTA
FIBROAREOLAR SHEATHS OF
MUSCLES/ VESSELS & NERVES
2. THICKENINGS:
RETINACULA
APONEUROSES
3. BLENDS WITH:
Periosteum of S/C bone

21. MODIFICATIONS OF DEEP FASCIA
1. IM SEPTA IM SEPTA

22. 2. COVERS MUSCLE..
EPIMYSIUM
(COVERS MUSCLE)
PERIMYSIUM
(COVERS FASCICULUS)
ENDOMYSIUM
(COVERS MUSCLE FIBERS)
VESSELS & NERVES PASS
THOUGH

23. 3. COVERS NERVES
COVERS NERVE
(EPINEURIUM)
COVERS FASCICLE
(PERINEURIUM)
COVERS FIBER
(ENDONEURIUM)
SUPPORT NERVE FIBER
CARRY VESSELS

24. 4. SHEATHS AROUND LARGE ARTERIES
CAROTID & AXILLARY
SHEATH
Dense around artery & loose
around vein to allow
distension

25. 5. IN RELATION TO JOINTS
CAPSULE
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
BURSAE

26. 6. TENDON SHEATHS WHERE
TENDON PASS OVER A JOINT

7. APONEUROSES:
-Palm & plantar region

27. 8. SEPTA B/W VARIOUS MUSCLES
Especially calf muscles
Helps in pushing venous
blood
Also lymph

28. 7. INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANES:
FORE ARM & LEG
Keeps bones at optimum
distance
Increase surface area for
muscle attachment
Transmits weight from
one to an other bone

29. FUNCTIONS OF DEEP FASCIA:
KEEPS UNDERLYING STRUCTURES IN POSITION
PRESERVES CHARACTERISTIC SURFACE CONTOUR
PROVIDE SURFACE FOR MUSCLE ATTACHMENT
HELPS IN VENOUS & LYMPHATIC RETURN
ASSIST MUSCLE ACTION & DEGREE OF TENSION
RETINACULA ACTS AS PULLEYS & PREVENT LOSS OF POWER
IN THE FORM OF SYNOVIAL SHEATHS, MINIMIZE FRICTION

30. THANK YOU
THANK YOU