General concepts of anatomy for nursing

General concepts

1. ANATOMY GENERAL CONCEPTS Dr Rishi Pokhrel Maj MBBS, MD Assistant professor

2. Anatomy ‘cutting up’ study of the structures of body and their relationship to each other

3. Subdivisions Gross or macroscopic anatomy Regional Head and neck: scalp, face, parotid region, submandibular region, back of neck, anterior and posterior triangles of neck. Thorax: thoracic wall, thoracic cavity Abdomen: abdominal wall and abdominal cavity Upper limb: pectoral region, axilla, cubital fossa, arm, forearm and hand Lower limb: femoral triangle, thigh, popliteal fossa, leg and foot . Systemic

4. Subdivisions Histology or microscopic anatomy Embryology or developmental anatomy Genetics Surface anatomy Radiological anatomy Living anatomy Applied anatomy

5. Language of Anatomy Positions Anatomical position Supine Prone Lithotomy

6. Language of Anatomy Planes of reference Sagittal Horizontal Coronal Transverse

7. Language of Anatomy TERMS OF REFERENCE: Superior / cranial: Near the head end Inferior / caudal: Near the tail end Anterior / ventral: Nearer to front of the body Posterior / dorsal: Nearer to back Middle: Used for a structure lying between two others those are anterior and posterior or superior and inferior Median: Used for a structure lying or situated at median plane Medial: Nearer to the midline of body Lateral: Farther from the midline of body Intermediate: Lying between two structures, one is medial and the other lateral Ipsilateral: Of the same side (right or left) Contralateral: Of the opposite side Proximal & distal: Used in limbs. Indicate nearer to and farther from a fixed point. Proximal is nearer to the fixed point while distal is farther from the fixed point Invagination: Inward protrusion Evagination: Outward protrusion

8. Language of Anatomy MOVEMENTS Flexion Extension Lateral flexion Adduction Abduction Circumduction Rotation Supination and Pronation Inversion and Eversion

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