General pharmacology fill ups...........

Pharma fill in the blanks......

1. General Principles of Pharmacology The term "pharmacology" is derived from the Greek words " pharmakon ," meaning ________, and "logos," meaning study. A ________ is a chemical substance used for diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases. The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream is called ________. ________ is the study of the effects of drugs on the body. ________ is the study of how the body handles a drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The process by which a drug is chemically altered in the body is called ________. The main site of drug metabolism in the body is the ________. ________ is the ability of a drug to produce the desired therapeutic effect. The ________ of a drug is the dose required to produce a specific effect in 50% of the population. Drugs that activate receptors to produce a biological response are called ________.

2. 11. ________ are drugs that bind to a receptor but do not activate it, thereby blocking the action of agonists. 12. The maximum effect a drug can produce is termed ________. 13. The relationship between the dose of a drug and its effect is represented by the ________ curve. 14. Drugs are primarily excreted from the body via the ________. 15. The ________ is the time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to reduce by 50%. 16. Drugs administered via the ________ route bypass the first-pass metabolism. 17. The most common route of drug administration is ________. 18. Intravenous administration of a drug results in ________ bioavailability. 19. Drugs administered through the skin using patches represent the ________ route. 20. ________ is a route of drug administration where the drug is injected into the muscle.

3. 21. The ________ phenomenon occurs when a drug undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver before reaching systemic circulation. 22. The primary plasma protein involved in drug binding is ________. 23. Drugs that are highly ________ are more likely to cross cell membranes. 24. The ________ constant determines the ratio of lipid solubility to water solubility of a drug. 25. ________ is the term used to describe the volume in which a drug appears to be uniformly distributed. 26. The interaction between a drug and its receptor is often described by the ________ theory. 27. ________ drugs mimic the action of the endogenous compound at the receptor site. 28. The therapeutic ________ of a drug is the range between its minimum effective concentration and minimum toxic concentration. 29. ________ antagonism occurs when two drugs act on different receptors to produce opposite effects. 30. Drugs acting via ________ bonds tend to form reversible interactions with their targets.