General Principles of treatment of Poisoning

General Principles of treatment of poisoning
Clinical symptoms amd management of barbiturates, morphine, organophosphosphrous compound and lead, mercury and arsenic poisoning.

1. Principles of Toxicology

2. ▪

3. General
Principles of
treatment of
Poisoning
Poisoning is commonly due to ingestion but
can result from injection, inhalation, or
exposure of body surface (eg, skin, eye,
mucous membranes).
Many commonly ingested nonfood substance
are generally nontoxic; however, almost any
substance can be toxic if ingested in
excessive amounts causes toxicity and pain.

4. General
measures for
poisoning
treatment
Drug along with household and industrial
chemicals, insecticides, etc. Are frequently
involved in poisonings.
Specific antidotes such as receptor
antagonists, chelating agents or specific
antibodies are available for few poisons.
General supportive and symptomatic
treatment is all that can be done for other,
and this is also important for poisons which
have a selective antagonist.

5. The general
detoxification and
supportive measures
are:
1. Resuscitation and
maintenance of vital
function.
2. Termination of
exposure(
decontamination) &
ensure patent airway,
adequate ventilation.
3. Prevention of
absorption of ingested
poisons
4. Hastening
elimination (Fast
removal)

6. 1.
Resuscitation
and
maintenance
of vital
function
A. Ensure patent airway, adequate ventilation, give
artificial respiration/100% oxygen Inhalation as
needed.
B. Maintain blood pressure and heart beat by fluid
and crystalloid infusion, pressor agents, cardiac
stimulants, pacing, defibrillation, etc, as needed.
C. Maintain body temperature.
D. Maintain blood sugar level by dexyrose infusion,
especially in patients with altered sensorium.

7. 2.Termination of exposer
(decontamination)
▪
▪
▪
▪

8. 3. Prevention of absorption of ingested
poisons
▪
▪
▪

9. 4.Hastening elimination of the poison by
inducing diuresis or altering urinary pH:
▪
▪
▪

10. 1. Barbiturates poisoning
symptoms: Due to excessive CNS depression patient is flabby and comatose with
shallow and failing respiration, fall in BP and cardiovascular collapse, renal shutdown, pulmonary
complications, bullous eruptions.
Lethal dose depend on lipid solubility. It is 2-3g for the more lipid soluble agents( short-acting
barbiturates) and 5-10g for less lipid soluble phenobarbitone.
Treatment
1.Gastric lavage; leave a suspension of activated charcoal in the stomach to prevent
absorption of the drug from intestines.
2.Supportive measures: such as, patent airway, assisted respiration, oxygen, maintenance of
blood volume by fluid infusion and use of vasopressors –dopamine may be preferred for its
renal vasodilating action.

11. etc. H

12. 2. Morphinpoisoning
▪

14. 3.Organophosphoshorus compound
poison
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪

15. 4. Lead/ Mercury/ Arsenic Poisoning
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪