General Science NTS 5 State Traingin Academy Mirpur AJK.pptx

General Mathematics power point presentation for NTS Test Preparation

1. STATE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION MIRPUR GENERAL SCIENCE

2. FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY Cell A  cell  is the smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism. Even bacteria, which are extremely small, independently-living organisms, have a cellular structure. Each bacterium is a single cell.

3. FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY All living structures of human anatomy contain cells, and almost all functions of human physiology are performed in cells or are initiated by cells . In humans, as in all organisms, cells perform all functions of life

4. FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY Tissue: A  tissue  is a group of many similar cells (though sometimes composed of a few related types) that work together to perform a specific function.

5. FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY Organ: An  organ  is an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types. Each organ performs one or more specific physiological functions .

6. FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY Organ System: An  organ system  is a group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body.

7. FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY

8. FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY

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12. FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY

13. VITAMIN A AND ITS ROLE Vitamin A: Why it’s essential : Vitamin A plays an important role in growth and cell development, helping promote healthy teeth, bones, mucus membranes, and soft tissue, including skin, hair, nails, gums, and glands. Adequate amounts may prevent night blindness and lung cancer . What foods provide it : dark leafy vegetables, squash, sweet potato, mango, cantaloupe, grapefruit, fortified dairy products, egg yolk, fish, beef, and liver

14. VITAMIN B AND ITS ROLE   Vitamin B1 Why it’s essential : Vitamin B1 is crucial for maintaining a healthy metabolism, regulating nerve and heart function, and helping convert carbohydrates into energy. What foods provide it : legumes (beans), nuts, seeds, whole grains, enriched bread, nutritional yeast, dried milk, egg, lean meat, and organ meat

15. VITAMIN B 2 AND ITS ROLE Vitamin B2: Why it’s essential : Vitamin B2 is necessary for energy metabolism, the growth and production of red blood cells, adrenal function, vision, and maintaining healthy skin. What foods provide it : raw mushrooms, nutritional yeast, grains, fortified cereal, plant-based milk, dairy, and lean meats

16. VITAMIN B 3 AND ITS ROLE Vitamin B3 : Why it’s essential : Vitamin B3 metabolizes energy, promotes normal growth, and helps maintain healthy skin and nerves. At high doses, niacin can also help lower bad cholesterol, also known as low-density lipoprotein (LDL). What foods provide it : avocado, potato, legumes, nuts, fortified bread and cereal, nutritional yeast, milk, egg, fish, and lean meats

17. VITAMIN B 5 AND ITS ROLE Vitamin B5: Why it’s essential : Vitamin B5 helps metabolize food, normalizes blood sugar levels, and plays a role in the production of hormones and good cholesterol, also known as high-density lipoprotein (HDL). What foods provide it : cruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts), mushrooms, avocado, potato, legumes, whole-grain cereal, milk, egg, poultry, and organ meat

18. VITAMIN B 6 AND ITS ROLE Vitamin B6: Why it’s essential : Vitamin B6 aids in the synthesis of red blood cells; maintains proper nerve and brain function; and promotes metabolism for the release of energy. What foods provide it : green leafy vegetables, avocado, potato, banana, legumes, nuts, whole grains, cereal, nutritional yeast, fish, poultry, and meat

19. VITAMIN B 7 AND ITS ROLE Vitamin B7: Why it’s essential : Vitamin B7 helps maintain a healthy metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, regulates hormone and cholesterol production, and supports healthy hair, skin, and nails. What foods provide it : legumes, nuts, whole grains, cereal, yeast, milk, egg yolk, pork, organ meat, and even chocolate

20. VITAMIN B 9 AND ITS ROLE Vitamin B9: Why it’s essential : Vitamin B9 controls tissue growth and cell function; makes DNA, RNA, and red blood cells; and synthesizes amino acids. Since low levels are linked to birth defects, folate is crucial for pregnant women. What foods provide it : green leafy vegetables, broccoli, asparagus, beets, avocado, oranges, legumes, wheat germ, fortified flour and cereal, brewer’s and nutritional yeast, and liver

21. VITAMIN B 12 AND ITS ROLE Vitamin B12: Why it’s essential : Vitamin B12 supports metabolism; helps form red blood cells, DNA, RNA, and myelin for nerve fibers; and maintains the central nervous system. What foods provide it : nutritional yeast, fortified cereal, plant-based milk, dairy, egg, fish, poultry, meat, and organ meat

22. VITAMIN C AND ITS ROLE Vitamin C: Why it’s essential : Vitamin C strengthens blood vessel walls, promotes wound healing and iron absorption, helps prevent atherosclerosis, supports immunity, and serves as an antioxidant promoting healthy tissue, teeth, and gums. What foods provide it : cruciferous vegetables, spinach, pepper, tomato, potato, citrus fruits, melons, and berries

23. VITAMIN D AND ITS ROLE Vitamin D: Why it’s essential : Vitamin D aids calcium absorption; builds strong bones and teeth; and helps maintain proper blood levels of calcium and phosphorus. What foods provide it : fortified plant-based milk and dairy, egg yolk, fatty fish, and fish oil—or spending 10 to 15 minutes in sunshine three times a week Interestingly , when we consume foods with a higher cholesterol content and go out into the sun, the cholesterol metabolizes into vitamin D.

24. VITAMIN E AND ITS ROLE Vitamin E: Why it’s essential : Vitamin E protects fatty acids, maintains muscles and red blood cells, and serves as an antioxidant. What foods provide it : dark green vegetables, avocado, papaya, mango, nuts, seeds, wheat germ, fortified cereal, vegetable oil, and egg

25. VITAMIN K AND ITS ROLE Vitamin K: Why it’s essential : Vitamin K is necessary for proper blood clotting. What foods provide it : green leafy and cruciferous vegetables, cereal, egg, fish, beef, and liver

26. EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS The equation for photosynthesis is: 6 C + 6 O + LIGHT ENERGY → (glucose ) + 6 In other words, plants use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to produce glucose and oxygen.  

27. MCQs

28. What is Human Anatomy ? Human anatomy is the study of the functions of body parts Human anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body Human anatomy is the study of bacteria and viruses Human anatomy is the study of disease and its causes

29. What is Human Physiology ? Human physiology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior Human physiology is the study of the internal and external structures of the human body Human physiology is the study of the functions of body parts Human physiology is the study of microscopic organisms

30. What is the largest organ in the human body ? Brain Heart Lungs Skin Correct Option : Skin

31. What is the main function of the kidneys? To filter blood and produce urine To produce hormones and regulate metabolism To pump blood throughout the body To digest food and absorb nutrients Correct Option: To filter blood and produce urine

32. How many bones are in the adult human skeleton? 206 208 210 212 Correct Option:206

33. Which bone protects the brain ? Cranium (skull ) Sternum (breastbone ) Ribs Vertebrae Correct Option: Cranium

34. How many vertebrae are in the human spine ? 26 30 33 36 Correct Option: 33

35. What is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms? Tissue Organ Cell Molecule Correct Option: Cell

36. What is the outermost layer of a cell called ? Cell wall Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Correct Option: Cell membrane

37. How many ribs are in the human body ? 20 24 28 32 Correct Option:24

38. Which bone forms the forehead ? Frontal bone Parietal bone Occipital bone Temporal bone Correct Option: Frontal bone

39. How many bones are in the human foot ? 26 28 30 32 Correct Option: 26

40. Which bone protects the heart ? Sternum Ribs Vertebrae Skull Correct Option: Sternum

41. What percentage of an adult's body weight is water ? 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 80-90% Correct Option:60-70 %

42. Which of the following organs has the highest water content? Brain Heart Lungs Liver Correct Option: Brain (approximately 80% water)

43. What is the primary function of water in the body ? To regulate body temperature To transport nutrients and oxygen to cells To remove waste products from the body To support all of the above functions Correct Option: To support all of the above functions

44. Which of the following is a symptom of dehydration? Excessive thirst Dark yellow urine Fatigue and weakness All of the above Correct Option: All of the above

45. How much water does the average adult lose daily? 1-2 liters 2-3 liters 3-4 liters 4-5 liters Correct Option : 2-3 liters

46. Which of the following is a characteristic of living things? Made up of cells Respond to stimuli Grow and develop All of the above Correct Option: All of the above

47. Which of the following is an example of a nonliving thing? Animal Plant Rock Bacteria Correct Option: Rock

48. What is the main difference between living and nonliving things ? Living things move, nonliving things don't Living things grow, nonliving things don't Living things respond to stimuli, nonliving things don't Living things are made up of cells, nonliving things aren't Correct Option: Living things are made up of cells, nonliving things aren't

49. Which of the following is a characteristic of all living things? Ability to move Ability to reproduce Ability to respond to stimuli Ability to fly Correct Option: Ability to respond to stimuli

50. Which of the following is an example of a nonliving thing that is found in an ecosystem ? Tree Rock Bird Fish Correct Option: Rock

51. What is the term for the remains or traces of living organisms from the past ? Fossil Fission Fusion Photosynthesis Correct Option: Fossil

52. What is the term for the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy ? Photosynthesis Respiration Transpiration Evaporation Correct Option: Photosynthesis

53. T he process food making in plant is called? Photosynthesis Respiration Transpiration Evaporation Correct Option: Photosynthesis

54. Which part of a plant is responsible for absorbing water and nutrients from the soil ? Roots Stems Leaves Flowers Correct Option: Roots

55. What is the name of the tissue that transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves in plants ? Xylem Phloem Cambium Collenchyma Correct Option: Xylem

56. What is the main function of the roots of a plant ? To absorb sunlight To absorb water and minerals To produce food through photosynthesis To store food and nutrients Correct Option: To absorb water and minerals

57. Which part of a plant is responsible for making food through photosynthesis ? Leaves Stems Roots Flowers Correct Option: Leaves

58. What is the term for the movement of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves of a plant? Respiration Photosynthesis Transpiration Transportation Correct Option: Transpiration

59. What is the main function of the xylem tissue in a plant ? To transport water and minerals To transport sugars and amino acids To provide support and structure To store food and nutrients Correct Option : To transport water and minerals

60. What is the main function of the stomata in a plant ? To release excess water To absorb carbon dioxide To release oxygen To regulate temperature Correct Option: To absorb carbon dioxide

61. THANK YOU ANY QUESTION