Generation of computers

Five Generation of computers in a nutshell..

1. By: PrabeshShrestha

2. First Generation Computers
Developedinbetween1946-1958
Usedvacuumtubesasamemoryunit
Slow,expensive,largeinsizeandproducedlotofheat
Usedcoolersandairconditioners
Usedmachinelevellanguageforprogramming
Unreliableanddifficulttoprogramanduse.
Operatingspeedintermsofmillisecond
Usedinscientificandcommercialpurpose.
Usedpunchedcardandmagnetictapesasinputdevice,
printingdeviceasoutputdevice.
Eg:UNIVAC,EDSAC,EDVAC,ENIACetc…

4. Vacuum Tubes and its inventor

5. Second Generation Computers
Developed in between 1959-1964
Used Transistors as a memory unit
Smaller, faster, produced less heat and low power
consumption in comparison with the first generation
computers
Used Assembly or low level language for programming
Operating speed in terms of microsecond
One transistor could do the work of 1000 vacuum tubes.
Used for scientific and business purpose
Magnetic core memory used as primary memory and
magnetic drum and tapes as secondary memory
Eg: IBM 1401, CDC 3600, IBM 7094, IBM 1620 etc…

7. Transistor and its inventors

8. Third Generation Computers
Developedinbetween1965-1974
UsedIC(IntegratedCircuit)insteadoftransistors
smallerinsize,cheaper,fastandmorereliableas
comparetothesecondgenerationComputers
Usedhighlevellanguageforprogramming
Introducedkeyboardandmonitorforinputandoutput
ofdata
Operatingspeedintermsofnanoseconds
Usedmagneticdiskforsecondarystorage
Eg: IBM 360, IBM 370, Honeywell 200 Series, ICL 2900,
PDP 8 etc…

10. IC and its inventors

11. Fourth Generation Computers
Developedinbetween1975-1990
UsedVLSIC(VeryLargeScaleIntegrationChip)and
Microprocessor.
Cheapest,fast,accurate,reliable
Manyhigh-levellanguagesdevelopedinthefourthgeneration
suchasCOBOL,FORTRAN,BASIC,PASCALandClanguage
Operatingspeedintermsofpicoseconds
Usedforcommercialandpersonalpurposeaswell
Smallercomputerslikelaptops,notebook,palmtopdeveloped
Stillbeingused
Networkingbetweenthesystemsdeveloped
Eg:MITSALTAIR,AppleIandII,IBM80286,IBMPC,HP3000,
SUPERBRAINetc…

13. Some latest fourth generation computers

14. VLSI and its inventor

15. Fifth Generation Computers
WilluseULSIchip,GalliumArsenide(GaAs)andBio
chip
WillhaveArtificialIntelligence(AI)
Willbeabletorecognizeimageandgraphsandsolve
highlycomplexproblemincludingdecisionmaking,
logicalreasoning
WillbeabletousemorethanoneCPUforfaster
processingspeed
WorkwithnaturallanguageslikeEnglish,Japanese
Useofquantumcomputationandnanotechnology

18. THANK YOU