Genetic disorders in cattle

BAU

1. A Presentation On
Genetic Disorders in Cattle
Md. Jahid Hasan Jony
Md. Jahid Hasan Jony
19VS-JJ20M

2. 
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Introduction
Causes
Different types of disorders

Contents

3. •Congenital disorders can cause abortion or be present at
time of birth. They are uncommon but do occur in most
breeds of cattle. Defects are abnormalities in skeleton,
body form, and body functions. Abnormalities may result
from genetic or environmental causes. When the
environment is cause, adjustments can reduce further
economic losses. However, genetic(inherited) causes
are much more complex and difficult to correct.
Introduction

4. 
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There are two main causes.
Environmental causes
Genetic causes

Causes

5. Environmental or non-genetic causes have the same
economic results as genetic causes but are far easier to
rectify. Simply correcting the environment will remove
the problem. There are many environmental factors,
including disease or diet.
Certain conditions show that an abnormality is likely to
be environmental in nature.
Environmental causes

6. 
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Certain conditions show that an abnormality is likely to be
environmental in nature.

The abnormality coincided with an environmental factor
and was absent upon removal of the factor.
The abnormality occurred in groups of non-related
individuals.
The symptoms are similar to those of an abnormality
known to result from environmental factors.
Con’t

7. Chromosomes inherited from parents determine an
animal’s genetic make-up. There are many genes in each
chromosome. Genetic abnormalities occur when genes
are missing, in excess, mutated or in the wrong
location(translocation). A few genes can directly cause
an abnormality, however these are rare. Usually, these
genes are recessive, meaning two must be present to
cause an abnormality. Both parents must be carriers of
the gene for calf to be abnormal. In this case, only one of
every four offspring will be abnormal. Two will be carriers
and one will be normal.
Genetic Causes

8. 1.
2.
Certain conditions show that an abnormality is likely to
have a genetic origin:

The abnormality is more common in a group of related
animals.
The symptoms are similar to those of an abnormality
identified through test matings. Study of an animal’s
chromosome using blood samples can identify several
genetic defects.
Con’t

9. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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9.
10.
11.
12.
Atresia ani
Umbilical hernia
Hypotrichosis
Alopecia Anemia
Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta (Aplasia Cutis)
Syndactylism( Mulefoot)
Arthrogryposis (Curly Calf-Syndrome)
Osteopetrosis (Marblebone)
Arachnomelia
Weaver Syndrome (Bovine Progressive Degenerative
Myelopathy)
Spinal Dysmielination
Parakeratosis (Edema disease, Lethal trait A46)

Common Genetic Disorders

10. 
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a)
b)
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Atresia ani is most common congenital malformation
recorded in the present work. It is very common in calves.
Clinical signs :
Mild to severe abdominal distension.
Tenesmus and bulge beneath the tail.
Surgical correction of a patient anal opening must be
done as early as possible to save the animal life.
Atresia ani

11. Surgical correction of Atresia ani
Fig. Surgical correction of Atresia ani
1
2
3
4
5 6

12. •
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a)
b)
c)
Protrusion of body cavity contents into normal or
abnormal opening in the wall of that cavity to lie beneath
the intact skin or to occupy another body cavity.
Umbilical hernia is very common in calves.
Clinical signs include :
Swelling.
Ring
Contents- omentum/ fat/ intestinal loop.
Treatment: Conservative : Belly bandages/ wooden or
metal clams

Hernia

13. Surgical correction of umbilical hernia
Fig. surgical correction of umbilical hernia

14. 
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Hairlessness ocurs in several
breeds of cattle.
It expresses itself as
complete or partial loss of
hair.
Calves are often born with no
hair but will grow a short
curly coat of hair with age.
Affected individuals are
prone to environmental
stress and skin infections
are more prevalent.
Hypotrichosis (Hairlessness)
Fig. Hypotrichosis

15. T
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This syndrome has
recently been identified in
the Polled Hereford breed.
At the time of birth,
alopecia anaemia may be
mistaken for hairlessness.
Affected calves are often
small at birth, have a
dirty-faced appearance
and have protruding
tongue and eyes.
Alopecia Anemia
Fig. Alopecia anemia

16. 
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Hair is wiry, tightly curled or absent while wrinkled skin
gives the appearance of advanced aging.
Calves are lethargic, can not tolerate and very prone to
diseases.
Con’t

17. 
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Lethal and there is lack of
skin on the distal parts of
the limbs, deformed ear due
to auricular epithelial
defects, defects in the
integument of the muzzle.
Related to the defective
metabolism of fibroblasts
impairing the nutrition of
the epithelium.
Seen in cattle ( autosomal
recessive trait).
Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta
Fig. Epitheliogenesis imperfecta

18. 
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Syndactyly refers to the
fusion of the two toes of the
foot.
Caused by a recessive genes,
mulefoot most often affects
the front feet.
This condition occurs in the
Aberdeen Angus breed.
Other genetic defects exits,
most being of very low
frequency.
Syndactylism
Fig. Syndactylism

19. 
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Generally found in Angus
cattle.
Disease is due to deletion
of a section of DNA (at
least 38,000bp).
No protein is produced
due to the deletion.
Main clinical signs are:
bilateral tibia (twisted rear
leg with anchylosed joints)
Abdominal hernia and
cranial defects
(cranioschisis with
meningocoele)
Arthrogryposis Multiplex
Fig. Arthrogryposis

20. 
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A fat autosomal genetic
defect that affects Black
and Red Angus, Hereford,
Simmental and Holstein
Calves are born 10-30 days
early.
They show head
abnormalities such
brachygnathia inferior,
impacted molars and
protruding tongue.
The long bone of the
affected animals are shorter.
Bones are very fragile and
can be easily broken.
Oesteopetrosis (Marble bone)
Fig. Oesteopetrosis

21. 
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Facial abnormalities
characterised by short
lower jaw and concave
rounding of the dorsal
profile of the maxilla is
observed in affected
animals.
Deformities in the distal
part of the hind leg.
Defects is due to SUOX
gene (BTA5) encoding
molybdehemprotein
sulphite oxidase.
Arachnomelia
Fig. Arachnomelia

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There is functional disturbance or
pathological change in the cord
Most commonly observed in
Brown swiss cattle
The animal have an odd weaving
gait and this is due to weakness
and lack of coordination in all
limbs
Clinical symptoms stars to
appear at 6 months and becomes
progressively worse until the
animal dies.
Weaver Syndrome
Fig. Weaver syndrome

23. 
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Affects American Swiss
cattle.
A congenital
neurodegenerative disease
in cattle.
Recumbency and spastic
extension of the limbs.
There is variable degrees of
denervation atrophy in the
skeletal musculature
Spinal Dysmielination
Fig. Spinal Dysmielination

24. 
a)
b)
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An inherited defect caused by
Simple autosomal lethal factor
Chromosomal anomaly
Associated with poor intestinal uptake of zinc therefore
develops conjunctivitis, diarrhoea and increase
susceptibility to infection.
Calf is normal at birth but develops paraketosis at 5
weeks old and eventually dies.
Head and neck: Thickened with scales, cracks and
fissures.
Eye area: Abraded.
Parakeratosis

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