Genetically modified blue rose

genetic engineering

1. Genetically modified blue rose : applause Srijani deb (8244)

2. Introduction Rose, (genus  Rosa ),  genus  of more than 100 species of  perennial shrubs  belongs to the rose family ( Rosaceae ). Roses are native primarily to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Cultivated for their beautiful flowers, which range in colour from white through various tones of yellow and  pink  to dark crimson and maroon, and most have a delightful fragrance

3. A fter thirteen years of collaborative research by an Australian company,  Florigene , and a Japanese company,  Suntory , a rose containing the blue pigment  delphinidin  was created in 2004 by genetic engineering.

4. ANTHOCYANIN – BASED PIGMENTATION IN FLOWERS A nthocyanins : a class of flavonoids, whose chemical structures ie the number of hydroxy groups on the B-ring, primarily determines the color .

5. In case of roses, Lack flavonoid 30,50-hydoxylase (F3050H) possess very minute concentration of co-pigments such as flavones and flavonols vacuolar pH of rose petal epidermal cells is ranging pH 3.69 to 5.78. Since there is no production of delphinidin, roses of blue color can be obtained

6. In 1996 , Torenia hybrida : hydroxycinnamoyl CoA:anthocyanin 5-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (5AT) gene Viola : flavonoid 30,50-hydoxylase (F3050H) gene Promoter : enhanced CaMV 35S promoter Terminator : nopaline synthase gene Terminator S electable marker : nptII The accumulation of delphinidin conferred flower color changes. Some of them, such as WKS82 (B) exhibited a novel blue hue. However, only 44% of delphinidin was expressed thus the roses remained mauve in color .

7. Around 2001 , The criteria for the selection of possible host cultivars were : they accumulated flavonols that were expected to be co-pigments they had a higher vacuolar pH ideally, they did not have F3 H activity they accumulated pelargonidin rather than cyanidin. Cultivar used : ‘ Lavande ’ Binary plant vector used : pBin19 and pBinPLUS pBin19 pBinPLUS

8. T ransformation vector : Inserts : Irisxhollandica petal cDNA library : Iris DFR gene Viola : flavonoid 30,50-hydoxylase (F3050H) gene And ds rose DFR S electable marker : nptII Promoter : enhanced CaMV 35S promoter Terminator : terminator region from a petunia phospholipid transfer protein gene (D8) Promoter : enhanced CaMV 35S promoter Terminator : nopaline synthase gene Terminator Promoter : enhanced CaMV 35S promoter Terminator : terminator region from manopine synthase

9. Method of transformation Results : agrobacterium tumefaciens strain : ag10 Explant : stem internodes Medium : Murashige and Skoog medium A high frequency delphinidin accumulation and color change was o bserved in the flowers. Transgenic rose plants harboring pSPB919 produced > 80% delphinidin.

10. Application : mostly used as ornamentals. Authorisations : The roses have been evaluated and approved based on the "Act concerning Maintenance of Diversity of Organisms regulated by Use of Genetically-Modified Organisms" . Merchandising was considered after production, distribution, and sales structures had been properly established. Florigene . Ltd. was established as an Australian bio-venture company in 1986. It develops new varieties of plants by using biotechnology. It is a world's leading company in the research of flower colour. SUNTORY LIMITED took over the company's shares in December, 2003 and now the blue roses are marketed under the name ‘APPLAUSE’ established Suntory itself.

11. Time line

12. References : https://www.isaaa.org/gmapprovaldatabase/event/default.asp?EventID=249&Event=WKS82/130-4-1 https://phys.org/news/2005-04-gene-results-world-blue-rose.html https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02773396 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rafal-Baranski/publication/329748854_Approved_genetically_modified_GM_horticultural_plants_A_25-year_perspective/links/5c1921de92851c22a3348925/Approved-genetically-modified-GM-horticultural-plants-A-25-year-perspective.pdf https://www.snapgene.com/resources/plasmid-files/?set=plant_vectors&plasmid=pBINPLUS https://www.suntoryapplause.com/ https://watermark.silverchair.com/pcm131.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAApwwggKYBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKJMIIChQIBADCCAn4GCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQM7LJGarPOj6tc0uMxAgEQgIICT34NVmb6Hm6qag9lqODY33bYGQ3xNQruA6viepuPha8S_3VULIePg6yjcNe11zb4N1ZiW6N-pl5FcCN9hHKU3j7O06sC2Kb2q5xXBdwPSNcpzCzczFY8hX_cgVHml_IbarWdX71kCQtB2XizS6B6knNOmLq7WI9WdDkm53AYd-f5FistaDbmH3VZrW69cuciL2Knuxjj_QSPd_85Fir55GIqV4iyICXGcsxu8I9E_8tYwvTb4fcw2DRZt5QX93SRT91Jj0kkYdhlNgxhy0lTjy-M2mgkJ681JvAQafHpdWL2stIry47df6stbUG74kHEBIr7oN8q4CloqCRhaI5JXmxGbK6GMwgO9yKSUJAq6yFxBCrsKm2hpUMaqClBNYPNmjtJy98PTjVEUf937iQpSK3VxCOJ-AU82HkMzqQgp6iuQvIfPySApxJ2rzoxv1OTVIPxIprRng_DCGqguJMvtDk_5FM7JQ3E0l0K-gXmmNmPADy5q4MNsCpcofZUS30W7pDGPDhW5OaWA6MTtqWW6Cy6v3cZx-sQss3QYmbzuPrGp4KqlWSZxYkgGzRrcuY4RfzIbUztxImGvIbxuMhzGaZIJr5SluquT-w2lJj_FbMEPWsyRyTdmO_AymcZs1yrp0cwqUfg_TQfmqxryI_5974ZRcDGs714upjc2HnD5mB9rpm8HPwucA1O3BhHQfmxtTQutmqHVdKR91QqwuZu-InlxNrjtgrzt8B5IUM_I4up4T5pSYH7nijN8idv9_dd1ZeVVHJYe2hgSfNhaZNLNg https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.100358 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5903984/ http://www.agbioworld.org/newsletter_wm/index.php?caseid=archive&newsid=2346 https://www.suntory.com/sic/research/s_bluerose/story/ https://www.suntory.com/sic/research/s_bluerose/story/