Genome organization.pptx

Genome organisation

1. PADMASHREE DR.D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AKURDI Subject Name – Cellular And Molecular Pharmacology Student name – Dhanashri Prakash Sonavane Subject teacher name – Mr. Wankhade Sir Department- Pharmacology Presentation topic- Genome Organization

2. Genome Organization The word "genome," coined by German botanist Hans Winkler in 1920, was derived simply by combining gene and the final syllable of chromosome. Genome is complet set of genetic material within an organism. It is an organization complet set of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) including all the gene and all functional DNA Sequence. It Contain all entire hereditary information. The genome includes both the genes and non-coding sequences of DNA. The genome is the ultimate source of information about an organism.

3. Genes" are units of genetic information present on the DNA in the chromosomes and chromatin. "Genome" is the entirety of an organism's hereditary organization. It is encoded either in DNA, or for many types of viruses, in RNA. Size of human genome is 3.2 billion or 3200 million of base pair. There are about 20000 to 25000 in human genome. Average gene density is about 100000 base pairs. The first complete genome to be sequenced was that of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, in 1995.

4. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Genome In prokaryotic genome is mostly haploid circular present in cytoplasm and also has plasmid which code the non essential gene, Prokaryotic genome is extensively studied by E.Coli as the model organism . Genome size of of E.Coli is K -12 is 4639kb. And high level of coupling is seen in various cellular process in prokaryotic genome. Ex: transcription is coupled with translation because of absence of nucleus. Eukaryotic genome is large in size having lot of non coading region and is usually present in diploid number enclosed within a nucleus and marked mostly by the absence of plasmid.

5. Chromatin: ( DNA+RNA+Protein ) Nucleus contain thread like coiled structures called chromation substance or chromatin fiber. The chromatin undergoes further condensation to form chromosome. The chromatin fiber remain suspended in the nucleoplasm. They can be euchromatin or heterocromatin . Euchromatin is uncoiled and active. Heterochromatin is Condensed and in active. Composition of chromatin : Contain DNA,RNA,Protein (Histone and Nonhistone)

6. Histone Major Protein of chromatin. Contain high proportion of Basic amino acid like arginine and lysin. 5 Type of histone are there H1,H2A,H2B,H3,H4. Nucleosome Chromatin composed of 200 base pair unit Called nucleosome. Nucleosome is segment of DNA would around 8 histone protein core. Size of Nucleosome is 11nm approximately 200 base pair along.

7. Genome Organization Can be explained by Nuleosome Model : 3 Level DNA Wrapping and nucleosome string on beds structure. A 30 nm Condensed Chromatin Fiber Consisting of nucleosome array in their most compact form: The solenoid Structure. Higher level of metaphase chromosome: The loops ,Domains and Scaffold Structure.

8. Level of Genome organization

9. Thank You…!