geography for pakistanStudies essays and other

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1. World Geography
World Map

3. Basic Information
•Water : 71%
•Mostly salty water
•Just 1 % in the form of fresh water
•Land: 29%
•In the form of continents

4. Continents
•Asia
•Africa
•North America
•South America
•Europe
•Australia
•Antarctica

5. Oceans
•Pacific
•Atlantic
•Indian
•Southern
•Arctic

6. Latitudes and longitudes
•Latitudes : Horizontal line

7. How to find direction?
•Total angles = 360
•Circumference of Earth = 2π R
•Radius of earth = 6371km
•So.C= 2×22÷7 ×6371
•C= 40000
•Exact: 40075
•So.40000÷360
•111.11 km so 112 km. 1⁰ latitude =112km

9. Earth moves by 2 ways
•1) Rotation
•23 hrs, 56 min and 4 sec
•Days and Nights are due to rotation
•Earth rotates from west to east .
•2) Revolution
•In 365 days and 6 hours
•Years and seasons are due to revolution

10. Longitudes
•Vertical lines or meridian
•0⁰ longitude= prime meridian or GM-T line.
•Prime meridian passes through 8 countries.
•UK , France, Spain ,Algeria , Mali, burginafuso,Togo and Ghana

11. •Total angles = 360⁰
•Total times earth rotates= 24 hrs
24×60 = 1440 min
1440÷360= 4 min
1⁰ longitude = 4 min

12. Equatorial countries
•Equator pass through 13 countries .
•Total 4 continents
•1) south America = 3 countries
•Equator
•Columbia
•Brazil
•2) Asia = 2 countries
•Indonesia
•Maldives

13. •3 ) Africa = 7 countries
•Sai Tomi
•Gaboon
•Republic of Congo
•Democratic republic of Congo
•Uganda
•Kenya
•Somalia
•4) Australia = kiribati

15. Islands
•1) Greenland : Largest

16. 2) Papua New Guinea

17. 3) Borneo Island
•Have 3 countries
•1) Indonesia
•2) Malaysia
•3) Brunei DarusSalam

18. 4) Madagascar
•In Africa
•In Indian ocean

19. Straits
•1)Bosporus strait
•Narrowest strait in the world
•Joins black sea and sea of Marmara
•Separates Turkey and Istanbul

20. 2) Malacca strait
•Longest strait in the world
•800km
•Join Pacific ocean with
•Indian ocean
•Separate Indonesia and
•Malaysia

21. 3) Mozambique strait
•Broadest strait in the world
•Separates Mozambique and Madagascar
•In Africa
•In Indian ocean