GEOSPHERE.pptx

earth science

1. PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES OF GEOSPHERE BY: MARIA SHEILA P. BERNALES

2. WHAT DOES GEOSPHERE MEAN? The  geosphere  is made up of all rock and rocky materials on the surface and under the surface of Earth. The word "geosphere" comes from the Greek words "geo," meaning earth, and " sphaira ," meaning ball or sphere. Along with the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere, the geosphere makes up one of Earth's four spheres. The hydrosphere includes all the water on Earth, the atmosphere includes all the gases surrounding Earth, and the biosphere includes all living organisms on Earth.

3. GEOSPHERE The geosphere includes the rocks and minerals on Earth – from the molten rock and heavy metals in the deep interior of the planet to the sand on beaches and peaks of mountains. The geosphere also includes the abiotic (non-living) parts of soils and the skeletons of animals that may become fossilized over geologic time. This sphere includes all the stuff that make up the crust and the core of the earth. It includes everything natural and lifeless that make up the surface of the earth.

4. Examples are all the rocks and sand particles from dry land to those found at the bottom of the oceans. They also include the mountains, minerals, lava and molten magma from beneath the earth’s crust. The geosphere undergoes infinite processes constantly and that, in turn, modifies other spheres. One example of the continuous process is the rock cycle.

5. ROCK CYCLE Beyond these parts, the geosphere is about processes. The processes of the rock cycle such as metamorphism, melting and solidification, weathering, erosion, deposition, and burial are responsible for the constant recycling of rocks on Earth between sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic states. 

6. Sedimentary rocks  are formed via weathering and transport of existing rocks, and then deposition, cementation, and compaction into sedimentary rock. Igneous rocks  are formed by the cooling and crystallization of molten rock. Metamorphic rocks  are formed when heat or pressure is applied to other rocks.

7. Rock Cycle In the rock cycle, melted rock from below the earth’s crust is spewed out through vents on the surface onto the surface of the earth. This will become the IGNEOUS ROCK. Solidified lava, together with other rock material from earth movements are weathered and eroded. This will become SEDIMENTARY ROCK The eroded particles end up somewhere and build up. After many years of buildup, pressure from the overlying weight causes the particles to modify itself again. They are further buried deeper in the crust and then melted again ( METAMORPHIC ROCK ) by intense heat until they are spewed out to the surface again.

8. As  Climate Changes , the Geosphere Interacts with Various Other Parts of the Earth System Biosphere : The carbon cycle, usually linked with the Earth’s biosphere, includes deep storage of carbon in the form of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas as well as carbonate rocks like limestone. The carbon cycle is one of several biogeochemical cycles, which all involve the geosphere, the biosphere, and other spheres of the Earth system.

9. Hydrosphere and atmosphere : The erosion of rocks, a major part of the rock cycle and change in the geosphere over time, turns rock into sediment and then, sometimes, to sedimentary rock. But erosion, transportation, and deposition of sediments wouldn’t occur without the hydrosphere’s rivers, lakes, and ocean or the atmosphere’s winds and precipitation. Different combinations of sedimentary rocks form in environments with different climate conditions. This allows geologists to reconstruct what an environment was like millions of years ago based on the sedimentary rocks that were deposited.

10. TEACHING STRATEGIES Prior Knowledge Activation Connection Circles-Connection circles are a  tool for visualising relationships in a story or a system . They help you understand complexity by seeing causes and effects in the system Think, Puzzle, Explore

11. Collaborative Learning Fishbowl Gallery Walks Jigsaw Method Think, Pair, Share

12. ACTIVITY 1: INTERACTION WITH OTHER EARTH’S SYSTEM EXAMPLE: A volcano releases carbon dioxide into the air. “First, learner must state which sphere caused the interaction. In this case, it’s the geosphere. Second, they must determine which sphere was affected by this interaction. Here, it’s the atmosphere. “Finally, learners use pictures, words, and arrows to explain. Depending on expectations, learners can respond in one of two ways. For example, a simple response might show a volcano sending carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, learners could expand to describe a chain reaction. In this situation, the geosphere interacts with the atmosphere. Then, the atmosphere may interact with the biosphere. As shown, the carbon dioxide can be used for photosynthesis.”

13. ACTIVITY 2: ROCK CYCLE ACTIVITY: IN THIS ACTIVITY, YOU WILL MAKE DIFFERENT TYPE OF ROCKS USING CRAYONS: SEDIMENTARY, METAMORPHIC AND IGNEOUS MATERIALS: CRAYONS PEELER/KNIFE/CUTTER ALUMINUM FOIL FRYING PAN(SMALL) TOOTHPICKS ICE WATER PROCEDURES: Use a vegetable peeler, knife or cheese grater to make crayon shavings. Keep the colors separated. Pile the shavings into layers on a piece of aluminum foil Fold the aluminum foil over Press down hard using the pan or any materials available. You can also stand on it. Hold for atleast 1 minute

14. ACTIVITY 2: CONNECT THE SPHERES: ATMOSPHERE, BIOSPHERE, HYDROSPHERE, GEOSPHERE INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY Let the students go outside for a short nature walk. As they walk, students will record their observations. Some questions to think about as they walk and observe could include: What do you see? What’s going on outside these days/today? What do you see happening in nature? Have you noticed any changes in nature around your home or school? Walk for about 3 minutes and ask students to record a minimum of 5 observations . If the students seem to struggle, point out a few things along the way to get their minds working: the ground is covered with leaves, a small plant is growing, a bird flew from bush to bush, etc. After the short walk, Show them the diagram of the components of Earth systems from the PowerPoint: Water, Soil, Air, Living Things, Sun Ask students to write which system category each observation falls into. As a pair, they will choose one of their observations to consider in more detail and describe the interactions between the systems. The pairs will write the observation and circle the picture of the system it belongs to. Then, draw arrows showing the connections between parts based on that observation. Students should write notes along the arrows to explain that connection

15. ACTIVITY 3: GALLERY WALK A gallery walk is a  teaching strategy that allows students to interact and be engaged as they walk throughout the classroom . They work in small groups, 3-5 students depending on the size of the class, to share ideas, responses, and feedback to questions, projects, problems, images, or text.

16. THANK YOU!!