Gerunds and Infinitives_Part One English.pptx

Grammar text

1. 14 – Gerunds and Infinitives

2. Gerund It is the – ing form of a verb that functions as a noun: Subject of a sentence Speaking will help you improve your English. Asad will help you improve your English. Object of a verb I enjoy football . I enjoy playing . Object of a preposition I am thinking about Afghanistan . I am thinking about going .

3. I am teaching. (not a gerund because it is the action of the subject and it is present continuous verb) Your words are interesting. (not a gerund because it is an adjective, and it modifies your words. It is not a noun.) I love teaching . (a gerund because it is the object of love.)

4. They hate speaking a lot. They have been speaking. A speaking bird was stolen. Speaking English is verry interesting.

5. Infinitive (Root form of a verb) It is the root form of a verb. It functions as: A noun: Subject: To speak is important. Object: I love to speak . An adjective (noun + to + verb) I need a car to paint . I want someone to help me. An adverb (purpose or modifies a verb) She prays to get first position. You learn English to get a scholarship.

6. Three Kinds of Infinitives Full infinitive: to + verb I want to stay . Bare infinitive: verb I will go . Split infinitive: to + adverb + verb I want to carefully examine the result.

7. Homework: 5 examples of gerund as subject 5 examples fo gerund as object of verb 5 examples of gerund as object of preposition 3 examples of infinitive as subject 3 examples of infinitive as object 3 examples of infinitive as adjective 3 examples of infinitive as adverb 3 examples of modal + bare infinitive 3 examples of split infinitive

8. Patterns of Verbs The forms and the shapes verbs take when they are used with other verbs Example: I enjoy speaking. I enjoy to speak . He wishes to go. He wishes going . I am speaking English. I am speak English . 52/55 verb patterns: tenses, passive, gerunds, infinitives. Mood, …

9. Gerunds and Infinitives 1) After prepositions, use gerunds I am thinking about going to Kabul. He is interested in learning . He is interested to learn . 2) After certain verbs, use only gerunds (for the list, refer to page 324) He avoids speaking a lot. She enjoys learning . 3) After certain verbs, use only infinitives (page 325) I want to go . He wishes to learn .

10. 4) After certain verbs, use either gerunds or infinitives with no change in meaning I love to go. I love going. 5) After certain verbs, use either gerunds or infinitives with different meanings I regret to tell you. (I am sorry that I am telling you now.) I regret telling you. (I am sorry that I told you before.) I remember closing the door. (I closed the door.) I remember to close the door. (I will close it.) He stopped smoking. (He is not smoking anymore). He stopped to smoke. (He is smoking, and he stopped on his way for smoking.)

11. 6) After verb + object, use infinitive. I recommend you to speak. He asked me to go. 7) Go + gerund means fun activity. He went shopping. (for fun) Let’s go fishing. They will go dancing. 8) You can use both gerunds and infinitives as subjects, but infinitives have a better alternative ( بدیل ). Speaking is important. (100% good) To speak is important. 50% good To err is human. (50%) It is important to speak. (100% good)

12. Homework! Please write 5 examples for each rule (40)

13. I remember ________ a gift. (buy) Buying To buy Both