Gerunds: as subjects and objects

Gerunds: ing?

1. Gerunds as Subjects and Objects By: Hussain Al-ghawi

2. What is gerunds? Gerunds are words that are formed with  verbs   + ing but  act as  nouns . a gerunds function as a singular noun all verbs except modal auxiliaries have gerunds forms.

3. Gerunds as Subjects and Objectives Gerunds as Subjects Gerunds (subject) 3th -person singular verb Rest of the sentence Learning math Is Difficult Exercising Isn’t fun Gerunds as Objects subject verb Gerunds (object) I enjoy shopping We discussed Moving to Missouri

4. Note: Gerunds as objects A gerunds can be the object of certain verbs. These verbs includes: Avoid discuss finish like Prefer dislike go love Quit continue enjoy hate Miss start begin

5. Gerunds and prepositions Prep+ Gerunds subject Preposition Gerunds I will call Were tired of Leaving town. We walked Instead of Driving. Verbs + Prep+ Gerunds subject Preposition Gerunds we Worried about Losing. He Believe in Telling the truth. Be+ adj + Prep+ Gerunds subject Preposition Gerunds we Were tried of Studying hard. He Was afraid of Losing his job.

6. Note: gerunds can follow prepositions such as about, for, in, instead of, to, and of. Verbs+ prep+ Gerunds: many verbs+ prep combinations can be followed by gerunds. These includes: approve of, believe in, disapprove of, plan on, think about, worry about. be + adj + prep+ Gerunds: many be + adj + prep combinations can be followed by gerunds. These include be accustomed to/be used to, be afraid of, be fond of, be good at, be interested in, be surprised at, and tired of.

7. Meaning and use notes 1. referring to activities and states A. Use a gerunds to refer to an activity or state. Activity: Learning a foreign language is hard work. State: I don’t like being hungry B. Use go+ gerunds to refer to common activities. Go can be used in any tense. I went sightseeing when I was in Paris. C. use verbs such as like, dislike, hate, and enjoy+ gerunds to talk about liking or disliking activities and states. I hate eating alone.

8. 2. Do you mind ….? I don’t mind ……, and would you mind….? A. the verb mind means “dislike, feel bothered.” mind+ gerunds is usually used in questions and negative statements to express likes and dislikes. Expressing like and dislikes. A: do you mind getting up early for work? B: no, I don’t mind. I’m used to it. (= no, it doesn’t bother me). Use the phrase would you mind+ gerunds to make polite requests. An answer of no means that the listener agree to the request. Making polite requests. A: sorry to bother you, but would you mind closing that window? b: no, not at all (ok, I will close it.)

9. 3. Other common uses A. Use by+ gerunds to explain how to do something. Explaining how to do something You can make better cookies by adding extra butter. B. gerunds are often used in signs that permit or forbid an activity. Sign Taking photos is not allowed. Talking during the exam is strictly forbidden

10. Verbs Followed by a Gerund They enjoyed working on the boat. admit advise appreciate avoid can't help complete consider delay deny detest dislike enjoy escape excuse finish forbid get through have imagine mind miss permit postpone practice quit recall report resent resist resume risk spend (time) suggest tolerate waste (time

11. Verbs Followed by a Preposition and a Gerund We concentrated on doing well. admit to approve of argue about believe in care about complain about concentrate on confess to depend on disapprove of discourage from dream about feel like forget about insist on object to plan on prevent (someone) from refrain from succeed in talk about think about worry about