Gestational Diabetes

the causes, symptoms and mechanism of occurrence of gestational diabetes also a detailed explanation of dietary management during gestational diabetes

1. GESTATIONAL DIABETES

2. Contents Introduction Definition When it occurs Why it occurs Complications Dietary management Foods to eat Foods to avoid Sample diet plan Approaches Conclusion

3. Gestational diabetes Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth.

4. When it occurs Any stage of pregnancy. Most likely 2 nd and 3 rd trimester.

5. W hy it occurs Insulin deficiency Insulin helps control blood sugar level.

6. Complications Cause problems for baby and mother. Cause problems during pregnancy and after pregnancy. Risk can be reduced if detected early. Can be well managed.

7. Dietary management First line of defense. Modifying the diet. Keeping blood sugar level in the normal range. Eating healthy

8. Foods to eat Whole fruits and vegetables. Moderate amounts of lean proteins and fats. Moderate amounts of whole grains and starchy vegetables. Fewer foods with more sugar.

9. Meal pattern Three small to moderate-sized meals. One or more snacks each day. Do not skip meals and snacks. Keep the amount and type of food same everyday.

10. Carbohydrate monitoring Type of carbohydrate. Frequency of consumption. Carbohydrates digest and turn into glucose. Glucose is the fuel for body. Glucose is the nourishment baby receives. Glucose level must stay within the target.

11. Cont. Less than half the calories should be from carbs. Most carbs are present in starchy or sugary foods. Complex carbohydrates are healthy. Simple carbohydrates should be avoided. Refrain from eating too many carbohydrates at a time.

12. Cont. Counting carbohydrates: Serving sizes Grams of carbs in each serving. Timing and distribution of carbs.

13. Eating low glycemic index foods Crucial factor. Effect of food on BGL. Low GI foods are broken down slowly. Foods with score 55 or less are low GI foods. Ideal for gestational diabetes.

14. Low Glycemic Index Foods Non-starchy vegetables Starchy vegetables such as peas and carrots Fruits such as apples, oranges, grapefruit, peaches and pear. Beans Lentils Chickpeas

15. Eating more protein Balances blood sugar level. Foods with more proteins. Carb rich foods that provide proteins.

16. Protein rich foods fish, chicken, and Turkey eggs tofu beans nuts seeds quinoa Legumes Lean meat

17. F at Limit intake of fatty foods. Avoid foods with saturated fatty acids. Do not cut entirely from diet. Provide energy for growth. B aby’s brain development. Healthy oils

18. Unsaturated fatty acids olive oil peanut oil avocado most nuts and seeds salmon sardines tuna chia seeds

19. Milk and dairy Low-fat or non fat milk and yogurt. No sweeteners. Great source of: Proteins Calcium Phosphorus.

20. Foods to avoid Foods with risk of increasing blood sugar level.

21. Avoiding sugary foods cakes cookies candy desserts sweet pastries soda ice cream fruit juice with added sugar

22. Avoiding highly starchy foods white potatoes white bread white rice white pasta Whole grains should also be used in moderation.

23. Avoiding hidden sugars and carbohydrates highly processed foods some condiments, such as dressings and ketchup fast foods alcohol

24. Sample diet plan Total calories 2200kcal. Food Item Quantity Servings Whole grain bread 4 slices 4 Milkshake: Apple Milk (skimmed)   1 1 cup   1 1 Omelet: Vegetables Eggs Olive oil   1 cup 2 eggs 1 tsp   1 2 1 Total calories:   613 BREAKFAST: (7-8am)

25. Food Item Quantity Servings Orange juice 1 cup 2 Yogurt plain, fat free 2/3 cup 1 Almonds 6 nuts 1 Total Calories:   247 SNACK: (11-11:30 am)

26. Food Items Quantity Servings Whole grain Chapatti small 6 inch 3 3 Chicken grilled + olive oil 3 ½ oz 1 tsp 3 ½ 1 Vegetables cooked 1 ½ cup 3 Total Calories   537.5 LUNCH: (2:30-3pm)

27. Food Items Quantity Servings Brown rice 1 cup 3 Baked fish 3 ½ oz 3 ½ Salad (mixed vegetables) + olive oil 1 cup 2 tsp 1 2 Total Calories   481.5 DINNER: (8-8:30pm)

28. Food Items Quantity Servings Milk 1 cup 1 Whole wheat crackers 6 3 Total calories   298 SNACK: (10-10:30pm) Total calories/ day = 2177 kcal .

29. Approaches being used today Following are the emerging approaches: higher-carbohydrate/lower-fat diet. carbohydrate restriction and a higher-fat diet. low-glycemic-index carbohydrates, higher carbohydrates, and lower fats.

30. Conclusion gestational diabetes mellitus is a growing health problem in the world. most common complications of pregnancy. one of the causes of the epidemic type 2 diabetes in the world. Pregnancy is a critical period for appropriate interventions and actions aimed at reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes.