Get to know about obsessive compulsive disorder (0CD)

obsessive compulsive disorder is a condition where patient gets obsessed over their activity and do the activity compulsory to get temporary relief .

1. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) m.Tejasree PHARM D 2 ND YR Geethanjali college of pharmacy

2. INTRODUCTION Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) features a pattern of unwanted thoughts and fears known as obsessions. These obsessions lead you to do repetitive behaviors, also called compulsions. These obsessions and compulsions get in the way of daily activities and cause a lot of distress. Ultimately, you feel driven to do compulsive acts to ease your stress. Even if you try to ignore or get rid of bothersome thoughts or urges, they keep coming back. This leads you to act based on ritual. This is the vicious cycle of OCD.

3. OCD often centers around certain themes, such as being overly fearful of getting contaminated by germs. To ease contamination fears, you may wash your hands over and over again until they're sore and chapped. If you have OCD, you may be ashamed, embarrassed and frustrated about the condition. But treatment can be effective.

4. OCD CYCLE

5. TYPES Of OCD

6. Contamination OCD Those with  contamination obsessions  will usually have an excessive fear of germs, dirt, and disease. They may fear being contaminated by other people or by the environment. They might have obsessive thoughts surrounding the fear of touching items others have touched or excessively worry about catching infections from others and the environment. Compulsions may include  excessive cleaning, hand washing , or avoiding certain places or objects perceived as contaminated.

7. SYMPTOMS

8. Perfectionism OCD Those with obsessions about  perfectionism  may be excessively concerned with exactness and symmetry. They may worry about items that are not organized in a specific way or will perform compulsions for things to feel ‘just right.’ The person may feel a strong need to arrange things in a specific way or perform repetitive rituals to achieve a sense of symmetry or order. This could also involve touching or tapping objects until a touch feels right to them.

9. SYMPTOMS

10. Checking OCD Checking OCD  is a subtype of OCD characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors related to checking. People with this type of OCD may feel compelled to repeatedly check things due to persistent fears or doubts about potential harm or negative consequences. Obsessive thoughts may revolve around fear of harm or negative consequences, such as worrying about leaving the door unlocked and someone breaking in. Compulsions typically involve repetitive checking behaviors, such as checking locks, appliances, or personal belongings multiple times to alleviate the anxiety caused by the obsessive thoughts.

11. SYMPTOMS

12. Harm OCD Individuals who experience this type of OCD may have  obsessive thoughts about harming themselves or others.  They may have intrusive and violent thoughts, impulses, or urges about causing harm, which can prove distressing. Someone with this type of OCD may avoid certain objects or situations, seek reassurance, or engage in mental or behavioral rituals to prevent harm. They may also repeatedly check a situation to make sure they have not caused someone harm.

13. SYMPTOMS

14. Superstitious OCD This type of OCD involves excessive reliance on superstitious beliefs or engaging in repetitive rituals or behaviors to prevent perceived negative outcomes or to bring about desired outcomes. Individuals with superstitious OCD may have irrational and exaggerated beliefs about the power of certain actions or objects to influence events and may engage in compulsive behaviors or mental rituals to alleviate their anxiety or prevent perceived harm. For example, an individual may go to lengths to perform an action a certain number of times to their lucky number, e.g., switching on and off a light switch seven times before leaving a room. Completing this compulsion may mean that they avoid bad luck or harm coming to themselves or others.

15. SYMPTOMS

16. Counting OCD Counting OCD , also known as arithmomania, is a common subtype of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ( OCD ) characterized by an obsession with numbers and counting. Specifically, individuals experiencing this disorder have a strong urge to engage in repetitive and ritualistic counting behaviors. Counting OCD can manifest in a number of different ways, but some common symptoms include mental counting,  item counting, measuring, or waiting for a particular time to perform a specific task.

17. SYMPTOMS

18. Religous or moral OCD This type of OCD involves obsessions related to religion, morality, or ethics. These obsessions may involve fear of committing sins, blasphemy, or violating moral or ethical codes. Those with  religious obsessions  may have obsessive thoughts, worries, or concerns surrounding moral judgment. They may have excessive worries about offending religious entities. Compulsions may include repetitive prayers, rituals, or avoidance of certain thoughts or situations.

19. SYMPTOMS

20. Sexual orientation OCD This type of OCD involves obsessions related to one’s sexual orientation or identity. This was known as homosexual OCD, but this is misleading as it can happen to anyone, regardless of gender or sexual orientation. These obsessions may involve persistent doubts or fears about one’s sexual orientation, and compulsions may include seeking reassurance, avoiding certain situations, or engaging in mental or behavioral rituals related to sexual orientation.

21. SYMPTOMS

22. Relationship OCD (ROCD) Many of us occasionally experience varying levels of relationship anxiety. However, for those with  ROCD , these obsessions are all-consuming and uncontrollable and often get in the way of establishing and maintaining romantic relationships.  Individuals with ROCD may experience intrusive and repetitive thoughts about their relationship, their partner’s qualities or flaws, and may engage in compulsive behaviors such as seeking reassurance, constantly checking their feelings, or engaging in mental rituals related to their relationship. ROCD can cause significant distress and uncertainty in romantic relationships, and may lead to difficulties with trust, intimacy, and relationship satisfaction.

23. SYMPTOMS

24. ETIOLOGY

25. TREATMENT

26. NON PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGMENT

27. medication Several medications can be used to treat OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder). The most commonly prescribed medications include: 1. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): - Fluoxetine (Prozac) - Fluvoxamine (Luvox) - Sertraline (Zoloft) - Paroxetine (Paxil) - Escitalopram (Lexapro) SSRIs are typically the first-line medication treatment for OCD. They work by increasing serotonin levels in the brain, which can help reduce the symptoms of OCD over time.

28. 2. Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): - Clomipramine (Anafranil) Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that affects both serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain. It is often used when SSRIs are not effective or tolerated well. 3. Other Antidepressants: - Venlafaxine (Effexor): An SNRI that may be used in some cases. 4. Augmentation Agents: - Aripiprazole (Abilify): An atypical antipsychotic sometimes used as an augmentation strategy when SSRIs alone are not sufficient. 5. Benzodiazepines (for short-term relief): - Clonazepam ( Klonopin ) - Lorazepam (Ativan)

29. PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGMENT second

30. Patient counselling Counseling for OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) involves several important components to help individuals manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. Here are some key aspects that are typically addressed in counseling sessions for OCD: 1. Education about OCD: Helping the patient understand what OCD is, including the cycle of obsessions (intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors or mental acts). 2. Identifying triggers: Recognizing specific situations, thoughts, or feelings that trigger OCD symptoms. 3. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): This is the most effective form of psychotherapy for OCD. It typically includes: -Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP): Gradual and systematic exposure to feared situations or thoughts without engaging in the usual compulsive rituals. This helps the patient learn that anxiety decreases over time without performing the compulsion.

31. - Cognitive restructuring: Challenging and modifying unhelpful beliefs and thought patterns related to OCD. 4. Skill-building: Teaching coping strategies and skills to manage anxiety and compulsive urges, such as relaxation techniques, mindfulness, and problem-solving skills.. 5. Support and reassurance: Providing a supportive environment where the patient feels understood and validated, while also encouraging them to challenge their OCD behaviors. 6. Relapse prevention: Planning ahead for potential setbacks and developing strategies to maintain progress made during therapy. 7. Medication management (if applicable): In some cases, medication, typically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may be prescribed to help manage OCD symptoms. Counselors may work closely with psychiatrists or physicians to coordinate care. 8. Family involvement:** Educating and involving family members in understanding OCD and how they can support the patient's treatment and recovery.

32. reference www.mayoclinic.com https://en.Wikipedia.org https://wedmd.in