Getting to know plants

grade 6

1. GETTING TO KNOW PLANTS

2. WHERE ARE PLANTS FOUND?

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shod6kZDv1U

4. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaHIH0eH5Gw

5. Herbs are small plants, less than a metre in height. They have green tender stems with few branches. Eg ) tomato, mint and brinjal herbs

6. shrubs Shrubs are medium sized plants, about 1-3 metres in height. They have thin, hard stems with branches that arise near the base of the stem. Eg ) rose, hibiscus and lemon plant

7. Trees Trees are tall and generally over three metres in height. They have thick, hard and brown stems, with branches that arise from the upper part of the stem. Eg ) Mango, neem and coconut

8. Climbers

9. Creepers

10. Flowering plants

11. THE ROOT SYSTEM

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF ROOTS The root system is the part of the plant that grows below the ground. Root always grow towards moisture and gravity and grow away from light. They do not have seeds flowers or fruits.

13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-ROXGqBSxI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eE6TFq1oHeM

14. Functions Of Root Roots anchor the plant in the soil and prevent it from being blown over. They absorb water and salts from the soil. They conduct water and salts to the stem from the soil.

15. Modifications of root Storage roots Supporting roots

16. Storage Root s Large and fleshy tap roots of some plants serve as underground storehouses of food. Hence, they are called storage roots. The plant uses the stored food when required. These roots are edible.

17. Supporting roots 1) Some roots help the plant to climb up a support as the stems are too weak to stand on their own. These roots are known as climbing roots.

18. betel Black pepper

19. 2) In some plants, new roots grow downwards from the main stem or branches to act as pillars to support the plant. These roots are known as prop Roots.

20. The Shoot System The shoot of plant is usually the part found above the soil. It consists of the stem, the leave, the flowers and the fruits. The shoot of the plant grow against gravity and towards the light.

21. Functions of stem The stem carries water and dissolved mineral salts from the roots to the leaves. It also carries food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. It supports the weight of the branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. It holds the leaves in a way that they get maximum amount of sunlight for photosynthesis. The stems of a young plants are green and prepare food through photosynthesis.

22. LEAF Leaf , is the part of the plant, that makes food. So it is known as food factory of the plant. A leaf has thin, flat, broad structure called the leaf blade or lamina. It arises from a node on the stem or the branch. the distance between two nodes is called the internode . leaves help the plant to trap sunlight and take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. A stalk or petiole connects the lamina to the leaf base.

23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eE6TFq1oHeM

24. Characteristics of a Leaf Leaves are generally green in color due to presence of chlorophyll. They are found in various sizes. They are found in various shapes. Some have smooth edges and others have jagged edges.

25. The petiole continues into the lamina to form the midrib which branches into a network of veins. The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called the Venation. The veins transport water and minerals to the leaf and take away the food made by the leaves.

26. TYPES OF LEAVES

27. Simple Leaf A simple leaf is one that consists of a single lamina, which is not divided into segments.

28. COMPOUND LEAF A compound leaf is one in which the lamina is divided into several small segments or leaflets, each attached to the same petiole.

29. Alternate arrangement A single leaf grows from each point. Such an arrangement is known as alternate arrangement. Eg ) Mango, sunflower, mustard.

30. Opposite arrangement In opposite type of arrangement, two leaves grow opposite to each other from the same node. Eg ) guava, tulsi

31. Whorled arrangement In whorled type of arrangement, three or more leaves grow from the same node. Eg ) oleander

32. Venation in leaves

33. Functions of a leaf Photosynthesis Breathing Transpiration

34. Transpiration It is the process by which excess water is sent back to the atmosphere in the form of water vapor through stomata.

35. It helps to cool the plant and also ensures continuous flow of water through the plant . 2. It plays an important part in the water cycle.

36. Modifications of leaf The main function of leaf is preparing food for the plant. However, the leaves of some of some plants are modified to carry out special functions such as storage of food, providing support or protection and trapping of insects.

37. In pea and sweet pea plants, the leaves are modified into long, slender, coiled structures called tendrils, that help plants to climb a support. In some plants, leaves are modified into spines to protect the plant from grazing animals and loss of water through transpiration. In some insectivorous plants, the leaves are modified into pitcher or bladder like structures to trap, hold and digest insects

38. FLOWERS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eE6TFq1oHeM

39. Delicate and highly specialized part of the shoot Reproductive part of a plant. Most flowers are colorful, scented and attractive. A flower usually blooms for a short time before it develops into a fruit. The fruit contains seeds, which grow into new plants when planted in the soil.

40. PARTS OF A FLOWER

41. THE FOUR MAIN PARTS OF THE FLOWER CALYX COROLLA STAMEN CARPEL/ PISTIL

42. CALYX The outermost whorl of the flower or the calyx contains small leaf – like green colored structures called sepals. The calyx protects the flower when it is a bud.

43. Corolla The corolla is made up of petals which are usually bright- colored and scented. The attractive petals and the scent help to attract insets, which in turn pollinate flowers.

44. Stamen the stamen is the male part of the flower. It is made up of a stalk called a filament with a yellow or orange knob called anther. When pressed, the anthers release small pollen grains.

45. Carpel/pistil It is the female part of a flower, which consists of stigma, style and ovary. the ovary holds one or more egg cells or ovules. the stigma, which is at the tip of the style, receives the pollens. The style connects the ovary and the stigma.

46. The flower is attached to the stem by a stalk or pedicel. The upper part of the pedicel is usually swollen and the different whorls arise from this. The swollen part is called the thalamus.

47. THE SEED AND THE FRUIT After successful pollination, the ovule develops into an embryo, or a baby plant. A tough covering forms and encloses the embryo. This tough covering with the embryo inside is known as the seed. The seed contains some stored food, which is later used up during germination. The ovary of the flower swells up to form a fruit, which are the seed bearing structures of a plant. Seeds later develop into new plants.