GIS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

1. GIS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT BY T.SUDHEER 131873

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION GIS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT LITERATURE REVIEW CASE STUDIES - case study on flood disaster at Allahabad - Tsunami Risk Analysis and Disaster Management by Using GIS SUMMARY

3. DISASTER MANAGEMENT Disaster is an event causing great damage, injury or loss of life Disaster management can be defined as the discipline and profession of applying science, technology, planning and management to deal with extreme events . The emphasis of disaster management is prevention and loss reduction

4. Disaster management activity is divided into the following phases as Prediction Prevention Mitigation Emergency management Recovery

5. GIS GIS is a computer system used for capturing, storing, querying and analyzing and displaying geospatial data GIS FUNCTIONS Spatial data management Display Query Modify Output

6. GIS in Disaster Management Accurate data availability Location of site accurately within least permissible time Accessibility information between source and destination Real time visualization of area of interest Reduce the time element involved in activities

7. LITERATURE REVIEW Levy et al. (2005) proposed models to improve flood risk management and a flood decision support system architecture. Mysiak et al.( 2005) Illustrated the relationship and the interactions between urbanization in the metropolis and the process of flood Disaster Management

8. Miller et al. (2004) Dicussed the widest accessibility possible with geographic information systems (GIS)–internet architecture and addressing disaster management issues Frank et al.(1993 ) DSS display capabilities include spatial data handling, the editing of flood inundation maps, and the animation of hydrologic and hydraulic phenomenon

9. Case study-1 TITLE : GIS-based disaster management, A case study for Allahabad Sadar sub-district(India) by S.H. Abbas, R.K. Srivastava and R.P. Tiwari ( 2009 ) JOURNAL : Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal,2009 OBJECTIVE To demonstrate a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based study on development of District Disaster Management System for floods for Allahabad Sadar Sub-District(India).

10. FIG 1 Maps showing G anga and Yamuna rivers around the study area

11. STUDY AREA The study area is Sadar, sub-district of Allahabad (India) which is surrounded by river Ganga and Yamuna located between 81º 45 ʹ to 82º latitude and 25º 15 ʹ to 25º 30 ʹ longitude METHODOLOGY An approach has been designed to explore the scope for the combination of Disaster Management and GIS. The flood-prone areas have been identified and their positions are marked using Arc View. GIS has been exploited to obtain the spatial information for the effective Disaster M anagement for flood-affected areas

12. GIS-based maps for Disaster Management Various maps were generated for the analysis in the GIS platform like Flood-affected areas of Sadar sub-district Population density distribution in flood prone areas Villages having road connectivity ,hospital facility in flood affected areas Route map for the disaster prone area

13. FIG 2 .Map showing the areas affected by flood both by ganga and yamuna rivers

14. If any government agency or any non-governmental organization wants to provide any type of help to the affected people, they can follow above generated map for having idea about the requirement. With the help of the developed GIS-based management system district Village administrator can monitor all flood management operations using GIS data base.

15. FIG 3.Map showing road connectivity

16. Figure 3 shows the road network of villages that are more vulnerable and are not been connected by main road as well as metal road. The villages that are not having transport connectivity can be identified. With the help of above information, one can provide rescue first to those villages not connected through metal road and after that provide transportation to metal road connected villages.

17. Summary It shows that in that sub-district Sadar of Allahabad 54 villages are affected by flood when high flood level reaches up to 84.50 meters. The GIS generated map shows that out of 54 villages only seven villages have mud road and 47 villages have paved road. Thus, GIS tool can be beneficial for getting all the relevant information at the time of occurrence of the disaster, and can help in planning and management.

18. Case study 2 Objective Tsunami Risk Analysis and Disaster Management by Using GIS Study area Gocek bay area of south west turkey, which is situated along the mediterranean sea

19. Data integration Most of the data obtained for the analysis is obtained from ocean engineering research centre(OERC ) Namidance is a software used to study the behavior of waves Namidance is also used to detect inundated areas and tsunami simulation

20. Methodology Satellite image is acquired and DEM is prepared with a scale of 1/25000 scale By using topographic maps, satellite image is registered and then buildings and road layers are digitized . Attribute information is given to the data base based on the former reports Namidance software is used to find the Bathymetry.

21. Namidance software Namidance is implemented by OERC It is based on long wave equations with respect to related boundary conditions Among the long wave equations explicit solution of non linear shallow water solution is preferred The Bathymetry generated by OERC is given as input with simulation duration of about 30 min and a step of 0.1 sec Propagation of tsunami waves at every 0.1 sec are given as output for every 60 sec

22. In order to able to compare max positive and negative amplitude , artificial guages are arranged are placed at specific location of Gocek By using this data inundation maps are prepared . Continuous surfaces are to be produced for showing the flooded areas, this is done by kriging method in spatial analyst tool s.

23. SUMMARY The main outcomes of the study are determining the inundated buildings and roads and calculating the optimum routes to the closest facilities in case of emergency Evacuation map and network analysis conducted for the case of emergency is a guide map for the places which should be evaluated for the rescue operation. Data are integrated with spatial data in order to determine the optimum routes from inundation zones to safe places, thus an evacuation plan was assessed.

24. References . Abbas.S.H , Srivastava R.K and Tiwari R.P(2008), GIS-based disaster management A case study for Allahabad Sadar sub-district (India), Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 2009, 33-51. Frank, A.U, Medyckyj.S and Hearnshaw . H (1993), “The use of geographical information system: the user interface is the system”, Human Factors in Geographical Information Systems, Belhaven Press, London,(1993) Chapter 18. Levy. J.K., Gopalakrishnan . C and Lin. Z (2005), “Advances in decision support systems for flood disaster management: challenges and opportunities”, International Journal of Water Resources Development, pp. 593-612. Maniruzzaman K.M., Okabe. A. and Asami . Y. (2001), “GIS for cyclone disaster management in Bangladesh”, Geographical and Environmental Modelling , pp. 123-31.

25. Miller R.C., Guertin , D.P. and Heilman , P. (2004), “Information technology in watershedmanagement decision making”, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, pp. 347-58. Mysiak J., Giupponib C. and Rosatoc P. (2005), “Towards the development of a decision support system for water resource management”, Environmental Modelling and Software, pp. 203-14. Seda.S , Aykut.A , ZuhalA , Ahmet . C.Y (2011),Tsunami Risk Analysis and Disaster Management by Using GIS, A Case Study in Southwest Turkey, Gocek Bay Area, AGILE 2011 Suresh, M.R., Manjunath K.V. and Hegde M.N. (2005), “Earthquake hazards, preparedness, mitigation and management issues”, in Proceedings of the National Conference on Geotechnics in Environmental Protection, Allahabad,

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