Gland’s & their Secretion

1. Gland’s & Their Harmone By Pankaj Kukreti

2. What Are gland :- Cell or group of cell. Which has some structure & secrete some chemical substances and secret some chemical substances 

3. Type :-

4. Exocrine Gland :-  Gland have duct and their secretion comes out through the duct,  Secret generally enzyme, all enzyme are protein in nature They are use again & again , act on substrate convert into product 

5. Endocrine  :- Gland have no duct in their structure so called ductless gland They secrete Chemical substances called harmone , They are non-nutrient and act as chemical messenger and flow through blood stream, act on target site, These can't be use again and again, They may be protein, steroid or protein derivative

6. Harmone Type :-   Releasing harmone : - which stimulate secretion of harmone from pituitary gland Inhibitory Harmone : - Which inhibit secretion of harmone from pituitary gland, so hypothalamus control activity of pituitary gland 

7. Exocrine Gland Type :-

8. Endocrine Gland Type :- - Pineal Gland - Hypothalamus Gland - Pituitary Gland - Parathyroid Gland - Thyroid Gland - Thymus Gland - Adrenal Gland - Pancreas - Ovaries ( In Female) - Testis (In Male)

9. Harmone Of Hypothalamus :-

10. List :- 1: Growth harmone releasing harmone (GH-RH) 2: Growth harmone inhibitory harmone (GH-IH) 3: Thyroid Stimulating Releasing Harmone (TS-RH) 4: Thyroid Stimulating Inhibitory Harmone (TS-IH) 5: Gonadotrophin Releasing Harmone (GT-RH) 6: Gonadotrophin Inhibitory Harmone (GT-IH) 7: Adreno CorticoTrophic Releasing Harmone (ACT-RH) 8: Adreno CorticoTrophic Inhibitory Harmone (ACT-IH) 9: Prolacting Releasing Harmone (P-RH) 10: Prolacting Inhibitory Harmone   (P-IH) 11: Oxytoxin Releasing Harmone (O-RH) 12: Oxytoxin Inhibitory Harmone (O-IH) 13: ADH Releasing harmone (ADH-RH) 14: ADH Releasing harmone (ADH-IH)

11. Pituitary Gland :-              Lies in sella tursisa , pituitary gland attach with brain by stock called Infundiculum , present in fore-limb and act as endocrine gland, made up of 2 parts -  Adenohypophysis  :-          Also called anterior lobe of pituitary gland and consist of pars distalis and pars intermedia secrete various harmone under control of hypothalamus  -  Neurohypophysis :-           Posterior lobe of pituitary gland, consist of pars nervasa , which secrete harmones under the control of hypothalamus 

12. Pancrease :- Mixed gland which contain Both Exocrine and Endocrine part in their structure,  Situated near curve of duodenum, Exocrine part is about 99% called pancreatic acini , Endocrine part make 1% part of pancreas and contain 1-2 million islets of langerhans , they consist α and β cell,  α cell secrete glycogen harmone whereas β cell secrete insulin harmone  

13. Harmone Of Pancrease :- Glycogen  :-       Harmone which convert the stored food glycogen into glucose, so increase blood sugar level and called Hyperglycemic harmone   Insulin  :-    It is a proteinous harmone which convert the glucose into glycogen so called hypoglycemic harmone           Both glycogen and insulin maintain blood sugar Level  NOTE :- Diabetes  :-         Occur when blood glucose level increase, it occur due to deficiency of insulin harmone or over secretion of glycogen harmone  

14. Mechanism of Harmonal action :-         Chemically harmone have variety of Chemical by which they form  Protein , Peptide, Polypeptide harmone :-                  They are proteinious harmone   ex:- insulin, glycogen and harmone of pituitary gland  Steroid Harmone :-       Include testosterone, estrogen and progesterone  Amino acid derivatives :-         They derived from amino acid ,so called catechol harmone   Ex:- epinephrine (adrenaline and non-adrenaline ), Iodized harmone ( Thyroxine )

15. Harmone Nature :- If Harmone are Protein in nature :-          Harmone are protein, so they pick up by cell membrane and give primary response then taken by secondary messenger (Cyclic AMP or Ca++ ion) and given rise to biochemical response and perform metabolic activities Or action If Harmone are Steroid :-             So this harmone directly enters into Cell and pick up by receptor and form harmone receptor complex and perform function