Glaucoma

Detailed explaination about glucoma

1. GLAUCOMA BY: SONIA DAGAR

2. Glaucoma is a group of disorders characterized by an abnormally high intraocular pressure , optic nerve dystrophy and peripheral visual field loss. Untreated glaucoma leads to permanent damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss, which can leads to blindness. DEFINITION:

3. Genetics: family history of glaucoma Aging Hypertension Severe myopia Eye trauma Ocular surgery Diabetes mellitus Migraine headache Black ethnicity Prolonged use of local or systematic use of corticosteroids. Extreme dilation of pupil Emotional excitement RISK FACTORS:

4. A) CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA B) ACQUIRED GLAUCOMA Primary glaucoma Secondary glaucoma PRIMARY GLAUCOMA: Primary open angle glaucoma Acute angle closure glaucoma CLASSIFICATION:

5. CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA: A rare disease, occurs when a congenital defect in the angle of the anterior chamber obstructs the flow of aqueous humor. AQUIRED GLAUCOMA: Primary glaucoma: Primary open angle glaucoma: it results from overproduction or obstruction of the outflow of aqueous fluid causing increased intra ocular pressure and damage to the optic nerve.

6. ii) Acute angle closure glaucoma: it occurs because of the abnormality of the structures in the front of the eye. This is result from obstruction to the outflow of aqueous humor. Obstruction may be caused by anatomically narrow angles between the anterior iris and the posterior corneal surface. b) secondary gluacoma: it occurs as a result of another disease or problem within the eye such as: inflammation, trauma, intraocular hemorrhage, previous surgery, diabetes, tumor and certain drugs such as steroids.

7. Mild aching in the eye Mild headache Increased IOP Loss of peripheral vision Cornea show slight haze Corneal edema Failure of detect color loss Optic disc is hyperemic Nausea and vomiting Photophobia Moderate pupillary dilation Vision may become blurred Angle of anterior chamber is completely closed CLINICAL MENIFESTATIONS:

8. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: Beta adrenergic blockers Cholinergic (miotics) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Adrenergic agonists Prostaglandins analogs Osmotic agents Monitor for eye pain and visual change Administer antiemetics as directed to prevent vomiting, which will increase IOP. MANAGEMENT:

9. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT: Argon laser trabeculoplasty Laser iridotomy Cyclocryotherapy Filtering procedures Trabeculotomy Sclerectomy Drainage implants and shunts After surgery elevate head of the bed 30 degree to promote drainage of aqueous humor after trabeculectomy.

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