GLOBAL HEALTH GLOBAL HEALTH global health .pptx

GLOBAL HEALTH

1. HEALTH GLOBAL Dr.@mit

2. GLOBAL HEALTH INDEX

3. WHO defines GLOBAL HEALTH as a field that is concerned with the worldwide improvement of health, reduction of disparities, and protection against global threats that disregard national borders. INTRODUCTION

4. INTRODUCTION conte..

5. Global health is crucial because health issues in one part of the world can have direct and indirect impacts on other regions due to factors like globalization, travel, and trade. It means global health is a comprehensive & multidisciplinary field and it requires international cooperation, robust health systems, and a commitment to addressing the underlying determinants of health Why Global Health is important ?

6. Why Global H ealth is in the News ?

7. Global health has been prominently in the news due to several pressing issues and developments: COVID-19 Pandemic: COVID-19 ranked among the top three leading causes of death globally

8. In just two years, the COVID-19 pandemic reversed over a decade of gains in both Life Expectancy at birth(Global Life Expectancy) and Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) YEAR Global Life Expectancy Healthy Life Expectancy 2020 2016 levels 72.5 years 62.8 years 2021 2012 levels 71.4 years 61.9 years

9. Globally, the share of deaths from communicable diseases among all deaths dropped to 18.2% by 2019. Monkeypox In May 2022, A global outbreak of Mpox appeared suddenly and rapidly spread, with 110 countries reporting about 87 thousand cases and 112 deaths. 2. C ommunicable diseases & Emerging Infectious Diseases ( Mpox, Zika virus, Ebola, new strains of influenza, etc ,. ) YEAR Communicable diseases 2019 18.2% 2020 23% 2021 2005 Level 28.1%

10. Zika virus T he first local mosquito-transmitted Zika virus disease cases were reported in Europe in 2019 and Zika virus outbreak activity was detected in India in 2021. To date, a total of 89 countries and territories have reported evidence of mosquito transmitted Zika virus infection . 2 . Emerging Infectious Diseases .. . :

11. Ebola Uganda declared an outbreak of Ebola disease caused by Sudan Ebolavirus on 20 September 2022. In total,164 cases with 77 deaths and 87 recovered patients, were reported. Emerging Infectious Disease like Monkeypox, Ebola, Zika virus and new strains of influenza and other infectious diseases outbreak have garnered attention, highlighting the need for rapid response and better understanding of emerging infectious diseases. 2 . C ommunicable diseases conte.. :

12. 3 . Chronic Diseases : Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) : NCDs including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung disease, are collectively responsible for deaths of 41 million people each year which is equivalent to 74% of all deaths globally & more than 86% of the them occur in low- and middle-income countries. The epidemic of NCDs poses devastating health consequences for individuals, families and communities, and threatens to overwhelm health systems.

13. 3 . Chronic Diseases : Mental Health : Mental health conditions include mental, neurological and substance use disorders, suicide risk and associated psychosocial, cognitive and intellectual disabilities . Depression and anxiety disorders cost the global economy US$1 trillion per year 8,00,000/year deaths from suicide, which is a leading cause of death in young people Among people who have experienced war or other conflict in the previous 10 years, one in five (22%) will have depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.

14. 4. Health Inequities : Health and health equity are determined by the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, play and age, as well as biological determinants. In all countries – whether low-, middle- or high-income – there are wide disparities in the health status of different social groups. The lower an individual’s socio-economic position, the higher their risk of poor health. Tuberculosis is a disease of poverty. Around 95% of TB deaths are in the developing world.

15. 4. Health Inequities : Every day 16,000 children die before their fifth birthday due to pneumonia, malaria, diarrhoea and other diseases in sub-Saharan Africa than the rest of the world. 87% of premature deaths due to Non-communicable diseases occur in low- and middle-income countries. In low-income countries, the average life expectancy is 62 years, while in high-income countries, it is 81 years. e.g., a child born in Sierra Leone can expect to live for 50 years while a child born in Japan can expect to live 84 years.

16. 5. Maternal and Child Health: Every day, 6,300 babies die in the first month of life. In 2022, an estimated 2.3 million newborns died worldwide. Globally, every two minutes, a woman dies during pregnancy or childbirth. In 2020, there were an estimated 287,000 deaths worldwide.

17. 6. Climate Change and Health : Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to cause approx 2,50,000 additional deaths per year from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress alone.

18. 7. Technological Advances: Digital Health: The rise of telemedicine, health apps, and AI in healthcare is transforming how health services are delivered and monitored globally. Genomic Medicine: Advances in genomic research and personalized medicine are opening new frontiers in disease prevention and treatment.

19. Focus of Global Health

20. Universal Health Coverage (UHC): World Health Assembly adopted the term Universal Health Coverage in 2005 Goal: UHC means that all people and communities receive the health services they need and of sufficient quality to be effective while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship. Focus Areas: Strengthening health systems, improving service delivery, and ensuring equitable access to health services. Initiatives: To Achieve UHC countries adopt the SDGs in 2015 Key Areas of Focus in Global Health According to WHO

21. 2. Health Security: Goal: Protect people from health emergencies. Focus Areas: Preparedness, detection, and response to health emergencies such as pandemics, natural disasters, and conflicts. Initiatives: International Health Regulations ( 2005)(IHR) which provide a global legal framework to prevent and respond to acute public health risks. Key Areas of Focus in Global Health According to WHO conte…

22. 3. Health Promotion: Goal: To promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable – so everyone, everywhere can attain the highest level of health. Focus Areas:

23. 3. Health Promotion: Initiatives : T he 9th global conference (Shanghai 2016), titled ‘Promoting health in the Sustainable Development Goals 3: Health for all and all for health’, highlighted the critical links between promoting health and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

24. 4. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): Goal: Reduce the burden of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory diseases. Focus Areas: Prevention, early detection, and management of NCDs, and addressing their risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity. Initiatives: WHO plays a key leadership role in the coordination and promotion of the global fight against NCDs to reduce premature mortality by one third from NCDs through prevention and treatment (SDG 2030 target 3.4).

25. 5. Communicable Diseases: Goal: Combat infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, & Neglected T ropical D iseases(NTD). STOP TB STOP MALARIA STOP AIDS Initiatives: In recognition of the high burden of communicable diseases, the SDGs include a specific target to end the epidemics of AIDS, TB, malaria and NTDs and to combat hepatitis and other communicable diseases. Focus Areas: Eradication, elimination, and control of infectious diseases through vaccination, treatment, and public health interventions.

26. 6. Mental Health: Goal: Promote Mental well-being, Prevent mental health conditions, Provide care, Enhance recovery, Reduce illness, death and disability Focus Areas: The focus areas include promotion, prevention, treatment, policy development, and research. Initiatives: Global Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020: Framework: Provides a comprehensive strategy for addressing mental health globally.

27. 6. Mental Health: mhGAP (Mental Health Gap Action Programme ): Purpose: Scale up services for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Components: Training health care providers, developing treatment guidelines, and implementing community-based interventions. Community-Based Mental Health Care: Approach: T o enhance accessibility and integration of mental health services within communities.

28. 7. Maternal and Child Health: Goal: End preventable maternal newborn and child deaths. Promote the health and development of all children. The Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 sets out that by 2030, the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is reduced to less than 70 per 100,000 live births, and no country should have an MMR more than 140 per 100,000 live births. Focus Areas: Providing access to quality prenatal, childbirth, and postnatal care, as well as child health services such as immunization and nutrition

29. 7. Maternal and Child Health: Initiatives:  WHO is working with partners on Ending preventable maternal mortality(EPMM) Five strategic objectives for EPMM 1. Address inequities in access to and quality of sexual, reproductive, maternal and new born health care. 2. Ensure universal health coverage for comprehensive sexual, reproductive, maternal and new-born health care. 3. Address all causes of maternal mortality, reproductive and maternal morbidities, and related disabilities. 4. Strengthen health systems to respond to the needs and priorities of women and girls. 5. Ensure accountability to improve quality of care and equity.

30. 8. Environmental Health: Goal: Address the health impacts of environmental risks. Focus Areas: Ensuring safe water and sanitation, reducing air pollution, and addressing climate change and its health impacts. Initiatives: UNICEF works to bring clean water and proper sanitation and hygiene facilities to homes, schools and health centres so that children can grow and learn safely(SDG-6). UNICEF works with partners to support sustainable energy solutions that improve children’s health and development. (SDG-7).

31. 9. Equity and Social Determinants of Health: Goal: Achieve health equity and address the root causes of health disparities. Focus Areas: Addressing factors such as poverty, education, housing, and gender equity that influence health outcomes. The focus of global health are comprehensive and aim at addressing a wide range of health issues through international cooperation and coordinated efforts. By emphasizing universal health coverage, health security, health promotion, and addressing both communicable and non-communicable diseases, WHO strives to ensure better health outcomes for all.

32. Future of global health:

33. THANK YOU