Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (CLASS)

A common & coherent (consistent) approach to
defining & classifying hazards, & a system to
ensure consistent world-wide hazard
communication through uniform hazard
information on labels & safety data sheets

1. INTRODUCTION TO GHS
Department of Occupational Safety and Health

2. SESSION OBJECTIVES By the end of this session participants should be able
to:
2
Describe the background to the development of the
GHS
2
State the scope of GHS coverage
2
State the target audience of GHS
2
Describe the GHS building block
2
Compare the differences between CPL and GHS
classification, labelling and SDS requirements
2

3. SCOPE
2
Definition of GHS
2
History of GHS
2
Objectives & Scope of GHS
2
Why GHS?
2
Principles of harmonization
2
Target audience
2
Benefits of GHS
2
GHS Building Block
2
Comparison of CPL with GHS
2
Important GHS Websites
3

4. Definition of
GHS
I
GHS stands for
G
lobally
H
armonized
S
ystem of
Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
I
A common & coherent (consistent) approach to
defining & classifying hazards, & a system to
ensure consistent world-wide hazard
communication through uniform hazard
information on labels & safety data sheets
4

5. History of the
GHS
2
1989-90: ILO’s “Safety in the use of chemicals” Convention &
Recommendations 2
1992, UNCED:Agenda 21, Chapter 19 –develop International
Strategy for Environmentally Sound Management of Toxic
Chemicals
2
Identified six action programs including…
“Globally harmonized hazard classification & compat ible
labelling system including material safety data she ets
& easily understandable symbols should be available ,
if possible, by the year 2000.”
5

6. History of
GHS
(cont.)
2
1992-2002 ( 10 years) 2
Cooperative work of the OECD, UN Committee of
experts on TDG, ILO, Governments & Industry
2
2002: Work completed, UN approved
2
2003: GHS document published-the “Purple Book”
2
2005:Revised edition
2
2007:Second revised edition
2
2009:Third revised edition
2
2011: Fourth revised edition
6

7. OBJECTIVE OF GHS 2
Simple & transparent
2
Self-classification as far as possible 2
For many hazard classes: semi-quantitative or
qualitative (requiring expert judgments)
2
For some hazard classes: decision tree approach
7

8. SCOPE OF COVERAGE 2
Workplace, transport & consumer sectors
2
Cover industrial chemicals, pesticides, consumer
chemical products
2
Exceptions 2
Pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics, pestici de
residues in food not covered for intentional intake
2
Articles outside the scope of GHS
8

9. GHS
-Primary Components
I
Classification criteria I
Pure/Single substances
I
Mixtures
I
Labelling elements I
6 elements
I
Safety Data Sheets elements I
16 elements
9

10. GHS -PURPLE BOOK
3
rd
Edition (2009)
10

11. Why
GHS
?
2
No country has ability to identify & specifically regulate every
hazardous chemical product 2
Adoption of requirements for info. to accompany product helps
address protection needs 2
Many countries came to same conclusion about using information
dissemination as regulatory means to address chemical hazard s 2
Countries have different requirements for hazard definitions a s
well as information on a label or safety data sheet 2
Impact of having different hazard classification & commu nication
systems in the area of protection & trade
11

12. EUROPE
Harmful if swallowed
Gesundheitsschadlich beim
Verschlucken
Nocif en cas d’ingestion
12

13. AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIA
WARNING!
Harmful if Swallowed.
UN 1502; class 6
3333
13

14. Memudaratkan jika ditelan.
Harmful if swallowed.
MALAYSIA MALAYSIA
14

15. THAILAND THAILAND 3333
15

16. HARMONISATION FOR CLASSIFICATION & LABELLING
c
Australia-Harmful
u
India-Non-toxic
c
Japan-Toxic
c
US-Toxic
c
Malaysia-Harmful
c
Thailand-Harmful
c
EU-Harmful
t
New Zealand-Hazardous
u
China-Not Dangerous
☯Korea-Toxic
Acute oral
LD50= 257 mg/kg
GHS classification:
Acute toxic (oral) Category 3
Symbol :
16

17. Benefits of Harmonisation
2
Enhance protection of humans and
environment
2
Facilitate international trade in chemicals
2
Reduce need for testing and evaluation
2
Assist countries and international
organizations to ensure the sound
management of chemicals
17

18. 18
Occupational Diseases Investigated by DOSH
(2005-2012)
Type of Diseases 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1. Occupational Lung Disease 51 38 50 56 57 43 65 111
2. Occupational Skin Disease 57 30 192 70 53 78 81 48
3. Occupational Noise-induced Hearing Lost 190 106 120 169 427 467 514 956
4. Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorder 10 22 18 31 57 3055 95
5. Disease Cause by a Chemical Agent
(Poisoning)
139 116 117 41 61 15 31 58
6. Disease Cause by a Biological Agent 0 3 1 2 3 4 1 32
7. Occupational Cancer 0 2 1 3 2 0 3 1
8. Other Disease and Non-occupational Disease 4 45 47 81 224 17 36
TOTAL 451 362 546 453 662 661 767 1337

19. 19UK –HSE Annual Statistics Report
2011/2012
•111 164 other injuries to employees were reported under
RIDDOR, a rateof 445 per 100 000 employees.
Malaysia 331/100K ( UK 1.34 X higher
)
173workers were killed at work, a rateof 0.6per 100 000
workers.
Malaysia 4.6/100 K (7.7 times higher)
•27 milliondays were lost overall (17 days per case),
22.7 million due to work-related ill health and
4.3 million due to workplaceinjury
(Work related ill health 5.3 X workplace injury in contributing to
days lost
).

20. Compensation Paid By SOCSO ( 2007-
2009)
Chemical Exposure Related Diseases
20

21. Chemical Related Diseases Reported to
SOCSO 2007-2009
Increased
191.42 % -
2 Years
35
102
63
Year
21

22. Types of Compensation and
Percentage of Workers Getting Compensation Year
Benefit
Total Temporary
Dis
Permanent
Dis
2007
Comp.
Yes8 1 9
No24 2 26
Total32 3 35
2008
Comp.
Yes9 10 19
No36 8 44
Total45 18 63
2009
Comp.
Yes0 13 13
No75 14 89
Total75 27 102
TOTAL
YES 41
%
20.50
NO 159 79.50
22

23. 23
Access Legal from Shoosmiths associate and
personal injury specialist Philip Baldwin said:
"Despite having one of the best health and
safety records in the world, there were still
180
workplace fatalities
in the UK in 2008/09, and
around
4,000
cancer deaths due to past asbestos
exposure.

24. 2012-MITI REPORT
1/27/2015
Petrochemical and Chemical
Products= RM 185.3 b
(26.4%)

25. Ease of Doing Business Ranking 2012 -
World Bank
1/27/2015

26. MALAYSIA
NO KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR RANKS (2012/2013) 1 Global Competitiveness Index
(World Economic Forum)
25/144
2 Ease of Doing Business
(World Bank)
6/185
3 Environmental Performance Index EPI
(Yale University)
25/132
4 International Tourist Arrival (UNWTO) 10 (24.7 million )

27. •Basel Convention ( Control of trans boundary movement of hazardous waste)
–ratified on 8th October 1993
–DOE Malaysia is designated as the competent authority
–Export / import through Customs shall be accompanied by a permit issued by DOE
•Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous
Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade – ratified on 4th September 2002
•Stockholm Conventionon Persistent Organic Pollutants – active involvement in activiti es
under this convention
•Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling a nd Use of
Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction ( Chemical Weapon Convention)
•TheMinamata Convention on Mercury-designed to protect human health and the
environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury
compounds
•ILO’s “Safety in the use of chemicals” Convention & Recommendations

28. COVERAGE OF GHS
Industrial workplace
Consumer chemicals
Pesticides
Transport
Labelling
Classification
SDS
Transport
workers
Workers
SUBSTANCES
MIXTURES
28

29. BACKGROUND TO GHS
IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA
I
2002-GHS introduced at ASEAN-OSHNET Workshop in KL
I
2004-MITI organized GHS seminar with APEC Chemical
Dialogue I
2005: Setting of Committee to draft CLASS Regulatio n
I
2006-initial target date for voluntary adoption by APEC
I
2006-National Coordinating Council for GHS Implementation
I
2006/7: Translation 1
st
Revised Ed. into Bahasa Malaysia
I
2008-target date by World Summit on Sustainable
Development (WSSD) for voluntary adoption globally; revised
target date by APEC
I
2008: Malaysian Standards on GHS published
I
2008/10: Translation 3
rd
Revised Edition into Bahasa Malaysia
I
2011: GHS/ CLASS National wide Promotional programme
I
2012: Finalize CLASS & ICOP CLASS
I
2013: CLASS Gazette
29

30. IMPLEMENTATION OF GHS IN MALAYSIA
SECTORLEAD AGENCY
1. Industrial
Workplace
Department of Occupational
Safety and Health (DOSH)
2. Pesticides Pesticides Board, Ministry of
Agriculture
3. Transport Ministry of Transport
4. Consumer
Products
Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-
Operatives and Consumerism

31. GHS BUILDING BLOCK
2
Building Block Approach 2
Hazard classes are building blocks
2
Competent authorities (CA) may decide which hazard classes
apply
2
For given hazard class, CA may not apply all categories
2
Classification criteria such as cut-off values for adopted
hazard categories should not be altered
2
CA to adopt at least the highest hazard category (cat. 1) f or
a particular hazard class
2
If >1 hazard category adopted, hazard categories to form
an unbroken sequence
31

32. GHS BUILDING BLOCKS:
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard Class
Explosives Unstable Div 1.1 Div 1.2 Div 1.3 Div 1.4 Div 1.5 Div 1.6
Flammable Gases 1 2
Flammable Aerosols 1 2
Oxidizing Gases 1
Gas Under Pressure
Compressed Gases 1
Liquefied Gases 1
Refrigerated Liquefied Gases 1
Dissolved Gases 1
Flammable Liquids 1 2 3 4
Flammable Solids 1 2
Self Reactive Substances Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type F Type G
Pyrophoric Liquids 1
Pyrophoric Solids 1
Self Heating Substances 1 2
Water reactive->Flammable Gases 1 2 3
Oxidizing Liquids 1 2 3
Oxidizing Solids 1 2 3
Organic Peroxides Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type F Type G
Corrosive to Metals 1
Hazard Category
32

33. GHS BUILDING BLOCKS:
HEALTH HAZARDS
HAZARD CLASSHAZARD CATEGORY
Acute Toxicity (oral) 1 2 3 4 5
Acute Toxicity (dermal) 1 2 3 4 5
Acute Toxicity (inhalation) 1 2 3 4 5
Skin Corrosion/Irritation 1A, 1B, 1C 2 3
Serious Eye Damage/ Eye Irritation 1 2
Respiratory Sensitization 1A, 1B
Skin Sensitization 1A, 1B
Germ Cell Mutagenicity 1A, 1B 2
Carcinogenicity 1A, 1B 2
Reproductive Toxicity 1A, 1B 2 Effects on or via lactation
Specific Target Organ Toxicity(single) 1 2 3
Specific Target Organ Toxicity(repeated) 1 2
Aspiration Hazard 1 2
33

34. GHS BUILDING BLOCKS:
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
HAZARD CLASS HAZARD CATEGORY
Hazardous to Aquatic Environment (Acute) 1 2 3
Hazardous to Aquatic Environment (Chronic) 1 2 3 4
Hazardous to the Ozone Layer 1
34

35. CLASSIFICATION
PHYSICOCHEMICAL 1. Explosive 2. Oxidizing 3. Extremely flammable
4. Highly flammable
5. Flammable
PHYSICAL HAZARDS 1.Explosives 2. Oxidizing Liquids
3. Oxidising Solids
4. Oxidising Gases
5. Organic Peroxides
6. Flammable Gases
7. Flammable Aerosols
8. Flammable Liquids
9. Flammable Solids
10. Gases under Pressure
11. Self-Reactive Substances
12. Pyrophoric Liquids
13. Pyrophoric Solids
14. Self-Heating Substances
15. Substances which on contact with water emits
flammable gases
16. Corrosive to Metals
CPL
GHS
35

36. CLASSIFICATION
HEALTH EFFECTS 1.Very toxic 2.Toxic
3.Harmful
4.Corrosive
5.Irritants
HEALTH HAZARD CLASSES 1.Acute Toxicity
2. Germ Cell Mutagenicity
3. Carcinogenicity
4. Reproductive Toxicity
5.Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Single)
6. Specific Target Organ Toxicity
(Repeated)
7.Skin Corrosion/Irritation
8.Serious Eye Damage/ Eye Irritation
9.Respiratory Sensitisation
10.Skin Sensitisation
11. Aspiration HazardGHS
CPL
36

37. CLASSIFICATION
I
No classification for
environmental hazards
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD CLASSES 1.Hazardous to Aquatic Environments
(acute)
2. Hazardous to Aquatic Environment
long term (chronic)
3. Hazardous to the ozone layer
CPL
GHS
37

38. LABELLING ELEMENTS
LABEL ELEMENTS 1.Name of hazardous chemical
2.Details of supplier
3. Danger symbols & indication of
danger
4.Nature of special risks
5. Safety precautions
LABEL ELEMENTS 1.Chemical identifier/ingredient
disclosure
2. Supplier identification
3. Hazard pictograms
4. Hazard statements
5. Precautionary statement
6. Signal words
CPL
GHS
38

39. HAZARD SYMBOL/PICTOGRAM
CPL HAZARD SYMBOLS (6)
Color: 5
GHS HAZARD PICTOGRAMS (9)
!
39

40. SIGNAL WORD
I
No signal words
I
DANGER I
For severe hazards
I
WARNING I
For less severe hazards
CPL
GHS
40

41. HAZARD STATEMENTS
R-phrase Risk Phrase R12
Extremely flammable
R25
Toxic if swallowed
R27
Very toxic in contact
with skin
R43
May cause
sensitisation by skin
contact
H-code Hazard Statement H220
Extremely flammable gas
H301
Toxic if swallowed
H310
Fatal in contact with skin
H317
May cause an allergic
skin reaction
CPL RISK PHRASES
GHS
41

42. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
S-phrase Safety Phrases S2
Keep out of reach of
children.
S16
Keep away from sources
of ignition - No Smoking
S28
After contact with skin,
wash immediately with
plenty of.....( to be
specified by the
manufacturer)
P-code Precautionary Statement P102
Keep out of reach of
children.
P210
Keep away from heat/sparks/open flame. -
No smoking.
P264
Wash hands thoroughly
after handling.
CPL SAFETY PHRASES
GHS PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
42

43. COMPARISON OF SDS: CPL VERSUS GHS
1. Product and company information 2. Hazards identification
3. Composition information on ingredients
4. First aid measures
5. Fire fighting measures
6. Accidental release
7. Handling and storage
8. Exposure controls, personal protection
9. Physical, chemical properties 10. Stability and reactivity
11. Toxicological information
12. Ecological information
13. Disposal considerations
14. Transport information
15. Regulatory information
16. Other information
CPL 1997
1. Product, company identification 2. Composition information on ingredient
3. Physical, chemical properties
4. Hazards identification
5. First aid measures
6. Fire fighting measures
7. Accidental release measures
8. Handling and storage
9. Exposure controls, personal protection
10.Stability and reactivity
11. Toxicological information
12. Ecological information
13. Disposal considerations
14. Transport information
15. Regulatory information
16. Other information
GHS
43

44. Important GHS Websites (1)
2
UN ECE GHS 3
rd
Revised Edition 2
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev03/ 03files_e.html
2
UN ECE Transport of Dangerous Goods 2
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/danger.htm
2
UNITAR/ILO Capacity Training Programme 2
http://www.unitar.org/cwg
2
New Zealand ERMA 2
http://www.ermanz.govt.nz
2
European Chemicals Bureau: Classification and Label ling 2
http://ecb.jrc.it
44

45. Important GHS Websites (2) 2
OECD Classification and Labelling 2
http://www.oecd.org/department/0,2688,en_2649_3 4371_1_1_1_1_1,00.html
2
ILO Classification and Labelling 2
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safewo rk /chemsfty/ghs.htm
2
WSSD Global Partnership for Capacity Building to
Implement GHS
2
http://www.unitar.org/cwg/ghs_partnership/index.htm
45

46. 46

47. PRE-CLASS
IMPLEMENTATION STUDIES
1. Comprehensibility Testing (CT) in
Industrial Workplace-
DOSH & UKM
2.CPL vs CLASS: Malaysian Suppliers’
Perspective-DOSH
47

48. Results for CT in Industrial Workplace : Most
Recognized Pictogram
Pictogram Description of the pictogramOther meanings given by
respondents
•Explosive

49. Results for CT in Industrial Workplace: Least
Recognized Pictogram
Pictogram Description of the pictogramOther meanings given by
respondents
•Harmful;
•Bottle;
•Gas cylinder;
•Danger if swallowed;
•Bomb;
•Acid;
•Unstable gas;
•Drum;
•Needle;
•Do not spill;
•Explosive;
•Cannot consume (eat);
•Handphone;
•Oxidising agent;
•Don’t worry;
•Explode under pressure;
•Danger;
•Oxidize gas;
•Feather;
•Cannot place the gas
cylinder horizontally; and
•Firecracker

50. Readiness of Compliance to CLASS
201X
50
68%
32%
Ready to comply Not ready to comply

51. Reasons Given by Suppliers
Ready to comply
Not ready to comply
-
Facilitate international trade
-
Headquarters of the companies
overseas have already use GHS
and are willing to help the
Malaysian counterpart
-
Committed in preserving the
safety and health of workers
-
Time consuming
-
High adaptation cost
-
Lack of exposure and
understanding to GHS
and CLASS 201X
51

52. Status of GHS implementation
(for industrial workplace)
Countries2010 2013 Brunei No No
Cambodia No No
China Yes Yes
Indonesia Yes Yes
Japan Yes Yes
Korea Yes Yes
Lao PDR No No
Malaysia
No Yes
Myanmar No No
Singapore Yes Yes
Thailand
No Yes
Vietnam Yes Yes

53. 53 53