Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

1. Glucocorticoids and
mineralocorticoids
Dr. Sadaf Mumtaz
9/3/11

3. Metabolic effects of glucocorticoids
Hepatic gluconeogenesis
 glucose utilization by cells
–Adrenal diabetes
•Reduction in cellular proteins
 in liver and plasma proteins
 lipolysis and obesity

4. Role in adaptation to stress

5. Anti-inflammatory and Anti- allergic effects of
glucocorticoids
•Release from the damaged tissue
cells of chemical substances
•An increase in blood flow in the
inflamed area, leakage of large
quantities of plasma followed by
clotting of tissue fluid
•Infiltration of area by leukocytes
•Growth of fibrous tissue (Healing
process)
•Stabilizes the lysosomal
membranes
•Decreases the permeability of
capillaries
•Decreases both migration of
WBC’s and phagocytosis of
damaged cells, suppresses
lymphocyte reproduction
•Attenuates fever (IL-1from WBC)

6. Therapeutically
•Limited ability to resist infection
•With prolonged use, other less desirable
effects includes development of gastric
ulcers, high blood pressure,
atherosclerosis, menstrual irregularities
and bone thinning.
•Suppress the hypothalamus-pituitary axis

7. Permissive action
•Glucagon
–Glycolytic effects
•Catecholamines
–Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation

8. Control of cortisol secretion

10. Aldosterone
•Importance
•3000 greater activity than cortisol
•Aldosterone escape
•Effects of Excess aldosterone
–Hypokalemia
–Mild alkalosis
•Too little aldosterone
–Cardiac failure
•Sweat & salivary glands and intestinal epithelial
cells

11. Cellular mechanism

13. Regulation of aldosterone secretion

14. •Hypoadrenalism- Addison’s disease
•Mineralocorticoid deficiency
•Glucocorticoid deficiency
•Melanin pigmentation
•Addisonian crisis
•Hyperadrenalism- Cushing’s syndrome
–ACTH dependent
–ACTH independent

15. •Any condition that causes the adrenal
gland to produce excessive cortisol results
in the disorder Cushing's syndrome.
•When a pituitary tumor secretes excessive
ACTH, the disorder resulting from this
specific form of Cushing's syndrome is
referred to as Cushing's disease

16. •Primary aldosteronism
–Hypokalemia
–Muscle weakness
– plasma renin
•Adrenogenital syndrome

17. Thanks