Glycoside

Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn is a plant used in traditional medicine across the world for its ethnopharmacological value. It contain important phytoconstituents such as glycyrrhizin, glycyrhizinic acid, glabrin A and B and isoflavones. It is effectively used as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, anti- viral, anti-ulcer, anti-oxidant, skin whitening agent. Glycyrrizin is a plant glycoside extracted from roots of liquorice plant. It is 30-50 times sweeter than sucrose. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn is one of the most extensively used medicinal herb. The word Glycyrrhiza is derived from the Greek term glykos (meaning sweet) and rhiza (meaning root). Glycyrrhizin have a long history of medicinal value and are used in the treatment of peptic ulcer, especially glycyrrhetinic acid (triterpene derivative).

1. Glycosides : Glycyrrhizin Presented by: Miss Shruti Ashok Salve M. Pharmacy 1 st Year Dept of Pharmacognosy Submitted to: Miss Tanuja Wankhede Dept of Pharmacognosy PHYTOCHEMISTRY

2. Liquorice

3. Chemical C onstituents of Liquorice Liquorice or Glycyrrhiza Chemical Constituents: Glycyrrhizin/ glycyrrhizic acid (major glycoside ) Glycyrrhitic acid ( aglycone ) Glucoronic acid Liquiritoside , iso - liquiritoside , liquiritin , isoliquiritin (Flavonoid / Chalcone glycosides) Sugars- Glucose , mannitol Resin , Volatile oil, Starch

4. Literature Review Damle , M., 2014. Glycyrrhiza glabra ( Liquorice )- A potent medicinal herb. International journal of herbal medicine, 2(2 ) Glycyrrhiza glabra Linnis a plant used in traditional medicine across the world for its ethnopharmacological value. It contain important phytoconstituents such as glycyrrhizin, glycynhizinic acid, glabrin A and B and isoflavones . It is effectively used as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, anti- viral, anti-ulcer, anti-oxidant , skin whitening agent . The present article is literature on Glycyrrhiza glabra with respect to its traditional uses, bioactive constituents and pharmacologic activities .

5. Introduction to Glycyrrhizin Glycyrrizin is a plant glycoside extracted from roots of liquorice plant . It is 30-50 times sweeter than sucrose. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn is one of the most extensively used medicinal herb . The word Glycyrrhiza is derived from the Greek term glykos (meaning sweet) and rhiza (meaning root). Glycyrrhizin have a long history of medicinal value and are used in the treatment of peptic ulcer , especially glycyrrhetinic acid ( triterpene derivative ).

6. Biosynthesis Glycyrrhizin

7. Characterization of Glycyrrhizin Biological Sources: Liquorice , it is the dried, peeled or unpeeled, roots, rhizome of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. Family : Leguminosae IUPAC Name: (38,18a)-30-hydroxy-11,30-dioxoolean-12-en-3-yl 2-0-0-0- glucopyranuronosyl -B-D- glucopyranosiduronic acid Molecular formula: C42H62O16 Molecular weight: 822.94 gm / mol

8. Isolation of glycyrrhizin The isolation of glycyrrhizin from glycerrhiza is based on its solubility. Glycyrrhizin is soluble in hot water, alcohol, but slightly soluble in cold water and insoluble in ether. The methods of isolation are: Alcohol extraction method Ammonia extraction method

9. Alcohol extraction method PROCEDURE: Weigh 50g of powdered drug into 500 ml beaker & add 100ml methanol then mix it. Add another 100ml methnol & left it for 24hrs Filter and collect the filtrate. Extract this methnolic extract with 3 portions of petroleum ether, subsequently with benzene, ethyl acetate chloroium and solvent ether. Transfer methnolic layer into porcelain dish & evaporate it to get glycerrhizin .

10. Ammonia extraction method PROCEDURE: Glycerrhiza is extracted with hot water and filtered. Filtrate is acidified with con H2SO4 to pH 2.8 Ppt is dissolved in dil.NH4OH and poured into acetone to ppt ammonium glycerrhizinate . The ppt is dissolved in hot water and evaporated to get ammonium glycerrhizinate .

11. Estimation methods Estimation of the glycyrrhizin can be done by following methods: TLC-densitometry Colorimetric method UV-spectroscopic method HPTLC method Preparative HPLC method

12. Colorimetric method: Glycerrhizin gives purple color with anisaldehyde in the presence of H2SO4. This forms the basis of estimation. The intensity of color developed is proportional to the amount of glycerrhizin , which is measured at 556 nm .

13. Medicinal Uses

14. References Prof Dr. Ali Esmail , Glycyrrhiza glabra : A phytochemical and pharmacological review, IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, Volume 8, Issue 6 Version I (June2018) Shadma Wahab , Sivakumar Annadurai , Mohd Amir , Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry , Biological Activities, Clinical Evidence and Toxicology, Plants (Basel), 2021 Dec 14; 10(12): 2751 Wang , C., Chen, L., Xu, C., Shi , J., Chen, S., Tan, M., Chen, J., Zou, L., Chen, C., Liu, Z. and Liu, X., 2020. A comprehensive review for phytochemical , pharmacological , and biosynthesis studies on Glycyrrhiza spp . The American journal of Chinese medicine , 48(01) Sawai , S. and Saito , K., 2011. Triterpenoid biosynthesis and engineering in plants. Frontiers in plant science

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