Glycoside. pptx

Glycoside. pptx

1. Topic- Glycoside Presented by Hariom Jaiswal Asst. Pro. D.PH 1 st Year Pharmacognosy Rajiv Gandhi College of Pharmacy Nautanwa Maharajganj UP 273164

2. CONTENT Introduction of Glycosides Properties of Glycosides Classification of Glycosides Occurrence and Distribution of Glycosides Isolation of Glycosides Identification of Glycosides Therapeutics activity and Pharmaceutical Application of Glycosides

3. INTRODUCTION Glycosides is secondary metabolites. Glycosides is organic compounds obtained form plant, animal sources which on enzymatic or acid hydrolysis given one or more sugar and non sugar moiety. Flow Chart: Glycosides Sugar ( Glycone + Aglycone ) Enzymatic hydrolysis Acid hydrolysis

4. PROPERTIES Crystalline and amorphous substances Soluble in water and dilute alcohol and insoluble in organic solvents like benzene and ether. The exception is resin glycosides. The aglycone part is soluble in organic solvents like benzene or ether. They are optically active.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF GLYCOSIDES On the basic of Glycone . Ex- Glycose- glucoside, Digitoxose – Digitoxoside etc. On the basic of Aglycone. Ex- Anthraquinene , sterols or cardic -glycoside, phenol glycoside etc. On the basic of linkage between glycone and aglycone. a. C- Glycoside. b. N- Glycoside. c. O- Glycoside. d. S- Glycoside.

6. On the basic of use Ex- Anti-ulcer, cardiotonic, analgesics.

7. OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF GLYCOSIDE It is obtained form plant and animal like Poison dart frogs They are available in various part of plant such as- SN Plant Part Crude Drug 1 Leves Digitalis, Senna 2 Rhizomes Rhubarb, Dioscorea 3 Seed Almond, Psoralea 4 Fruits Vanillca , Gokhru 5 Roots Shatavari , Ginseng

8. ISOLATION OF GLYCOSIDES Stass Otto method is generally used for isolation of Glycosides. Taken Glycoside containing crude drug or plant Convert in powder form Powder was defatted Defatted powder Dried in hot air oven With the help of motar pestle With the help of non polar solvent like chloroform Extracted with organic solvent by using Soxhlet apparatus

9. Moist with Water and treated with organic solvent (NH3) Free Glycoside was collected in suitable container Aquas layer contain salt of glycoside Organic layer (discarded) Aquas layer (discarded) Organic layer Glycoside collected in container Boiled with diluted H2SO4 & constant strring then separated by using separating funnel Again extracted with organic solvent by using Soxhlet apparatus dried evaporated

10. IDENTIFACTION TEST 1. Borntroger's test- 1 gm of drug + 5 to 10 ml of dilute HCL boil on water bath for 10 min and filter Filtrate was extracted with CCL4/ benzene and add equal amount of ammonia solution to filtrate and shake separate the organic layer, Formation of pink or red color in ammoniacal layer due to presence of a nthraquinone moiety.

11. 2. Haemolysis test A drop blood on slide was mixed with few drops of aqueous Saponin solution, RBC’s becomes ruptured in presence of saponins. 3. Foam test To 1 gm of drug add 10-20 1 ml of water, shake for few minutes, formation frothing which persists for 60 -120s presence of saponins. 4. Baljet test Drug sodïum picrate solution, it forms yellow to orange colour in presence of aglycones glycosides.

12. 5. Keller- kiliani test : extract of drug + 3 ml of glacial acetic acid + few drops of FeCI3 solution + Conc. H2SO4 Reddish brown layer is formed, which turns bluish green after standing due to presence of digitoxose . 6. Legal test extract of drug + 2 ml of pyridine + sodium nitroprusside 2 ml was added followed by addition of NaOH solution to make alkaline Formation of pink colour in presence of glycosides or aglycone moiety.

13. THERAPEUTICS ACTIVITY AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION Cardiovascular Effects:  By strengthening the heart muscle’s  contraction force, cardiac glycosides, such those in foxglove  (Digitalis), are used to treat heart problems. Antimicrobial Properties:  Glycosides called saponins have antifungal and antibacterial qualities. Anticancer Activity:  Vinca genus glycosides, such as vincristine and vinblastine, are utilized in chemotherapy for cancer. Antioxidant Effects :  Berries and green tea contain polyphenolic glycosides, which have antioxidant qualities. Diabetic Activity : Some plant glycosides enhance insulin sensitivity and help control blood glucose levels.

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