Goitre

Goitre

1. Mrs. Rijo Lijo Lecturer GOITRE

2. DEFINITION “ Goitre is defined as a swelling of the neck resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland.

3. INCIDENCE In the world, goiter prevalence in general population is estimated to 15.8 %, varying between 4.7% in America to 28.3% in Africa . Prevalence of goiter in children aged 6–12 years varies in different studies in the world.

4. ETIOLOGY Iodine deficiency. Congenital hypothyroidism. Hashimoto's thyroiditis . Adverse drug reactions. Graves' disease. Thyroid cancer. Pituitary disease.

5. RISK FACTORS Iodine deficiency. Gender : female . Age : Goiters are more common after age 40. Medical history. A family history of autoimmune disease increases the risk for developing goitre .

6. Certain medications: Eg . amiodarone and psychiatric medications such as lithium, increases the risk for developing the disease. Exposure to radiation. Pregnancy and menopause.

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Coughing. Hoarseness. Difficulty swallowing. Difficulty breathing. W eight gain. Fast heart rate.

9. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History collection. Physical examination. Blood test A goiter associated with an overactive thyroid usually involves a high level of thyroid hormone in the blood and a lower than normal TSH level.

10. Ultrasonography: To find out the size of the thyroid gland. Biopsy: A fine-needle aspiration biopsy, ultrasound is used to obtain a tissue or fluid sample for testing.

11. MANAGEMENT MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Antithyroid agent Prevents the thyroid gland from making or releasing thyroid hormone. Eg : carbimazole . Hormone Affects body processes by regulating the activity of the organs.

12. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT Thyroidectomy Surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. Partial thyroidectomy Surgical removal of part of the thyroid.

13. NURSING MANAGEMENT Instruct the client to take: Foods Rich In Iodine Foods that are high in iodine include kelp and other sea vegetables, fennel, Jerusalem artichokes, cow’s milk, eggs, iodized salt. Foods Rich in Tyrosine Tyrosine is an amino acid that is found in a lot of goitrogenic foods like wheat, peanuts, and soybeans.

14. DIET

15. COMPLICATIONS Tracheomalacia . Asphyxiation. Hyperthyroidism . Lymphoma. Intranodular Necrosis. Hemorrhage.