golgi tendon organ. Group presentation x

Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) are proprioceptors that are located in the tendon adjacent to the myotendinous junction

1. GOLGI TENDON ORGAN GROUP 9

2. CONTENT Definition of Golgi Tendon Organ 2. Structure 3. Function 4. Golgi Tendon Reflex 5. Clinical relevance

3. INTRODUCTION The Golgi Tendon Organ is an encapsulated sensory receptor through which muscle tendon fibers pass . It is consists of collagen fibers intertwined with the sensory nerve ending of type 1b fibers. About 10-15 muscle fibers are connected with one Golgi tendon organ. It has a proprioceptive function.

4. STRUCTURE

5. FUNCTION Tension sensing : Monitor the tension force within the muscle

6. GOLGI TENDON REFLEX

7. PATHWAY AND ACTIVITY OF REFLEX When a muscle contracts, the muscle tension increases. The Golgi Tendon organ detects the muscle tension. Sends impulses through afferent(group 1b) fibers. It stimulates the inhibitory interneurons. Release inhibitory mediator(Glycine or GABA),which inhibits alpha motor neuron and cause relaxation of the muscle that was originally contracted.

8. Continue…. At the same time, due to reciprocal innervation, the antagonistic muscles are excited. The Golgi tendon reflex, thus, displays reciprocal innervation but lacks after discharge and radiation.

9. CLINICAL RELEVANCE TENDONITIS AND TENDINOPATHY Resulted from chronic overuse or excessive loading of tendons which affect GTO ability to sense tension by altering tendon sensitivity. E.g. athletes.. Tendon avulsion SPASTICITY AND HYPERTONIA Altered GTO function leading to increased muscle tone, difficulty in controlling movements and exaggerated reflexes which can be caused by cerebral palsy and upper motor neuron lesions.

10. CONTINUATION DEMYELINATING DISORDERS MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Due to loss of myelin this affects salutatory conduction which leads to reduced speed of nerve impulse to and from the spinal cord , this directly affects speed of reflex inhibition response.

11. CONCLUSION The G olgi tendon organ is a Proprioceptive organ that senses the degree of tension in the tendon.

12. REFRENCES Costanzo,L.S.,2017.Physiology. 6 th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier. Hall,J.E,2020.Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology.14 th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier.